冷战与美国发展援助政策的缘起

美国的发展援助政策在冷战高峰时期形成，它成为战后美国对发展中国家政治和经济关系的重要内容。本主要探讨美国发展援助政策产生的原因，尤其是冷战在其中所起的推动作用。这对于深刻理解战后美国的外交战略具有重要意义。     

民族地区农户小额信贷的产生理论与成效分析

我国扶贫工作已进入关键时刻,扶贫攻坚必须落实到村,落实到户,这是由基本解决农村贫困人口问题的目标和现阶段中国农村基本经营制度决定的.小额信贷是一种开发式扶贫,作为一种促进最贫困者物质资本和人力资本形成的一种有效制度,在农村地区的引进和实验,其积极意义是十分明显的.同时,由于农村地区的贫困面大、贫困程度深,内部又存在着自然、经济、文化、民族等方面的巨大差异,小额信贷在西部的推展就不可避免地遇到诸多的矛盾和问题,必须深化改革.     

关于农村信用社支农服务的思考

农村信用社是为农民、农业和农村经济发展提供金融服务的社区性地方金融机构,是我国金融体系的主力军。近年来,随着农村金融体系的改革,农村信用社在农村的主体地位愈发突出,肩负的任务巨大。如何改善农村金融服务,是摆在农村信用社的一项重要课题。本文以广西壮族自治区为例对农村信用支农服务过程中存在的问题和解决对策进行分析,提出一条农村信用社支农服务的有效途径。     

对重庆农村扶贫开发战略的反思

社会救济是对贫困人群提供无偿物质帮助的一种制度。重庆作为最年轻的直辖市,扶贫开发是中央交给重庆直辖市的重要任务之一。能否解决好贫困问题,不仅关系到经济的稳定发展,而且还会影响到社会的安定团结。从重庆市农村贫困的原因出发,从政府、贫困者自身和社会三个角度提出贫困治理的途径和对策。     

早熟高粱主要产量性状的配合力分析

对9个高粱品种的20个早熟高产组合的8个农艺性状进行了方差和配合力分析,结果表明：12A×三尺三这一组合的小区产量和亲本的一般配合力均为最高值,而特殊配合力效应并非最高。说明在高产组合育种中,应注重亲本自身性状的优良,一般配合力和特殊配合力都要高,而一般配合力较特殊配合力更显得重要。     

曾国藩集团的“北援筹议”述论

咸丰十年英法联军进犯北京之际,清廷多方调援,亦涉及湘军。曾国藩奏陈免让谕旨饬派的鲍超部北上,而请从他和胡林翼中间派一人率军赴援。在此前后,湘系要员们认真筹议聚谋。尽管因形势变化湘军北援终归未果,但筹议中反映出他们对“北援”及相关之事的态度和应对方策,颇值注意。     

试述高校贫困生救助的伦理价值

高校贫困生一直是高等教育领域值得关注的特殊群体,旨在缓解其经济状况的相应的救助体系也在完善之中。但是关于救助贫困生的隐性伦理问题尚未引起人们足够的重视,而这正关乎个体存在之为根本的人格尊严,同时通过救助使善良的本意和互助的美德得以发扬光大,是救助更深刻的伦理价值所在。     

Regularization through variable selection and conditional MLE with application to classification in high dimensions

It is often the case that high-dimensional data consist of only a few informative components. Standard statistical modeling and estimation in such a situation is prone to inaccuracies due to overfitting, unless regularization methods are practiced. In the context of classification, we propose a class of regularization methods through shrinkage estimators. The shrinkage is based on variable selection coupled with conditional maximum likelihood. Using Stein's unbiased estimator of the risk, we derive an estimator for the optimal shrinkage method within a certain class. A comparison of the optimal shrinkage methods in a classification context, with the optimal shrinkage method when estimating a mean vector under a squared loss, is given. The latter problem is extensively studied, but it seems that the results of those studies are not completely relevant for classification. We demonstrate and examine our method on simulated data and compare it to feature annealed independence rule and Fisher's rule.     

边疆民族地区法律援助——以云南省为例

云南省依法出台了一系列规定,加大了法律援助的宣传力度,构筑起以乡镇、社区法律援助工作站为基础的四级法律援助网络。在残疾人法律援助、农民工法律援助、老年人法律援助和为毒品死刑犯提供法律援助等方面均表现出其特征。但云南省法律援助工作也存在着诸多问题。只有保证政府经费的投入,重新定位法律援助机构的性质,扩充法律服务资源,完善经费管理机制,加强对有关人员的培训,建立起对援助案件的检查、投诉和监督制度和完善其他有关制度,才能进一步做好云南省的法律援助工作。     

The socioeconomic consequences of dropping out of high school: Evidence from an analysis of siblings

There is widespread belief that dropping out of high school leads to economic hardship. This belief rests on tenuous evidence. High school dropouts likely face an increased risk of economic hardship because of differences beyond a high school diploma. In particular, dropouts are more likely to come from disadvantaged backgrounds and thus face an elevated risk of economic hardship. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 Cohort, I estimate the consequences of dropping out by comparing dropouts to their siblings who completed high school. I also present OLS regression estimates using the same data. OLS regression estimates are consistently higher than sibling fixed effects estimates with the largest discrepancy occurring between estimates of the effect of dropping out on income-to-poverty ratio. However, the sibling fixed effect estimates reveal that dropping out has an effect on economic hardship net of unobserved background characteristics that are shared by siblings. I conclude with a discussion of how recent policy shifts affect the economic standing of low-ability students and suggest avenues for future research.