诺斯与马克思:关于社会发展和制度变迁动力的比较

道格拉斯·诺斯是新制度主义在经济史学方面的代表。他从总体上说是一个制度变迁动力的多元论者,但又视人口变化是制度变迁的最终动力。本文对诺斯关于制度变迁动力的解释与马克思关于社会发展动力的理论进行了比较,说明诺斯对马克思的生产力一元动力论的批评,即过分强调技术进步、缺少解释技术进步速率的理论,是缺少根据的。本文以有关史实证明,诺斯以人口增减为基本动因对所谓“两次经济革命”的解释是不成立的;不可更改的历史事实始终对马克思的一元论唯物史观提供着坚实而有力的支持。     

历史语言研究所学人的史料观——解读1928～1948年的《历史语言研究所集刊》

历史语言研究所作为中国现代学术的一个重镇,在研究模式、方法、体制以及理论方面多所创新,而目前学术界对这一学术群体的关照和研究尚不多见.本文试图从史学理论的角度,对该群体的史料观念进行解析.文章共分三部分,首先从宏观上论述史语所学者治史中的共性;其次通过对《史语所集刊》的解读,从微观上剖析、归纳出其史料观;最后评述史语所在求实、创新的观念支配下所取得的史学成就.     

Social Policy from Olson to Ostrom: A Case Study of Dutch Disability Insurance

Social policy development and reform in corporatist welfare states often follows a pattern of subsequent collectivization and de‐collectivization. This has to do, the article argues, with the social problems these phases address. Early social policy development forms a response to Olson‐type collective action problems that organized actors (labour and employers' organizations) in the field experience: state‐obliged benefits solve free rider problems, while bipartite administration allows labour and employers' organizations to organize their constituencies. This solution to Olson‐type collective action problems, however, also constitutes an Ostrom‐type collective action problem. Such a system functions as a common pool resource. Individual benefit take‐up is experienced as free and the costs of benefit take‐up are collectivized in the common pool. The article illustrates this pattern with reference to Dutch disability insurance.     

Economics of the firm and economic growth: a hybrid theoretical framework of analysis

Abstract

The main goal of this study is to achieve a critical discussion around the conceptualization of the firm and its role in the dynamic process of economic growth. By reviewing the theoretical matrix of the economics of the firm we go beyond the mainstream economics of the firm proposing a hybrid approach combining evolutionary and population ecology, which is likely to constitute a fruitful path for the conceptualization of the firm in the process of economic growth. Specifically, the analysis confronts the distinct theoretical perspectives around some imperative and controversial issues such as the nature of knowledge and learning and the cognitive capacities of economic agents within the firm. We argue that the economic understanding of growth and development of human societies will strongly benefit from a conceptualization of the firm capable of capturing the spirit of the Knightian firm. Overcoming the shortcomings of the mainstream growth models, which conceive firms as a black box, the proposed hybrid approach recalls the true nature of the firm as an organization. Issues related to the organizational arrangements that sustain the feasibility of productive activities and to the incentive contracts are also taken into account. Although acknowledging some recent important contributions within mainstream economic growth theory to adopt more realistic concepts of the firm, we believe that evolutionary and organizational population perspectives include crucial pointers in developing further research aimed at the construction of economic growth models based on a micro-economic perspective that is closer to the reality of firms.     

Age at First Marriage and Age at Death in the Lincolnshire Fenland, 1252–1478

In five Lincolnshire villages between 1252 and 1478 there is evidence that men and women married fairly late before the Black Death, and that by 1348/9 the Western European marriage pattern of late and prudential marriage was well established. Households were usually nucleated; husbands were on average eight years older than their wives before 1348/9, and five years older after 1348/9. Marriages were short: according to the best calculation shorter before 1348/9 than after, most often terminated by the death of the first husband, and were unlikely to produce more than three children. Since there were more males than females amongst children and young adults, many men remained unmarried, but since the death rate of women was very high, men lived longer.     

<史记>"孔子生年"索源

自异载孔子生年之《史记》问世,二千余年孔诞之争不决;然,《史记》“鲁襄公二十二年”者,何所据源,诚当考辨析明之。考《世本》载记孔子生年说,纯系子虚乌有。至今所见文献,可为《史记》“孔子生年”载记之源者,惟公、谷二传《春秋》耳;不过司马迁之误解《春秋》历纪,乃助后世曲纪孔子生辰千有余年矣．     

高校"树人"的历史责任

高校承担着培育“四有”新人的历史责任。为此 ,高等教育必须坚持党的教育方针不动摇 ,与时俱进 ,迎接挑战 ,切实加强和改进新时期大学生思想政治教育工作     

现实的人与历史主体

对历史主体的理解 ,不能停留在一般的人的层面上。历史主体是现实的人即“现在”的人。现实的人的历史主体地位 ,是通过建构历史过程而确证的 ;因而现实的人的历史主体性是具有历史性和暂时性的存在。现实的人的历史主体性既在与作为“过去”的历史的关系中得以表现 ,也在与作为“未来”的历史的关系中得到表现 ,失去任何一方面 ,现实的人的历史主体性都是不完整的     

论"三个代表"思想在马克思主义党建史上的地位

"三个代表"思想,是中国共产党历史经验的科学总结,为党在新的历史时期加强自身建设指明了方向,是在新形势下坚持马克思主义党建学说基本原理的光辉典范,是马克思主义党建学说发展史上的新丰碑,具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义.     

On sources and narratives in historical social science: a realist critique of positivist and postmodernist epistemologies

Critics of the interdisciplinary enterprise of historical sociology commonly contend that the narrational accounts of past social phenomena provided by historians are inadequate to the task of theory-building and testing. In support of this negative assessment, opponents will adduce informational deficiencies in the available data (the standard positivist appraisal of historical evidence), or cite the interpretive anarchy that seemingly prevails at the narrative phase of emplotment (the skeptical, postmodernist contention that historiographic texts 'construct' rather than veridically represent the events they artfully contrive to signify). Both of these lines of criticism are unbalanced, and therefore seriously misleading as regards the epistemic foundations of historical-sociological inquiry. The 'social authenticity' and 'informational density' of historical evidence does allow for veridical reconstructions of the past, while the reflexive interpretive protocols of source criticism and the sociology of knowledge can be deployed to provide warrant for discriminating arbitrations between competing theories and narratives. The various epistemological deformations in the study of human affairs that have been encouraged by the old idiographic-nomothetic polarity - chronic ahistoricism within the social sciences, the atheoretical predilections of much conventional historiography - are rectifiable through the consolidation of a fully integrated sociological history, a unified and inclusive historical social science.