The Job Demands-Job Control Model and absence behaviour: results of a 3-year longitudinal study

Empirical results of earlier studies only marginally supported the relevance of Karasek's Job Demands-Job Control Model for absence behaviour. Since longitudinal studies with respect to these relations were largely lacking, a four-wave panel study was carried out using data from 1755 male employees of a technical maintenance firm in the public sector. Job demands, job control, physical working conditions, and the employee's age, education, and health were measured in one year and absenteeism in the same year and in the next 3 years. Data were analysed with linear regression and Poisson regression techniques. The Poisson regression technique was superior to the linear regression technique in explaining absence. Age, health and prior absence were the best predictors of later absence behaviour. With respect to the Job Demands-Job Control Model, the main findings of the study were (1) that job control was significantly associated with a low number of simultaneous and later absence days, and (2) that, contrary to expectations, job demands were also related to a low number of simultaneous and later absence days. These results hold when age, health, education, prior absence, and working conditions are controlled for. Job control and job demands did not predict later absence frequency. In the discussion it is suggested that a high level of job demands may not only be harmful for the well-being of employees but also work as 'a pressure to attend'.     

现代企业竞争及竞争效能描述新探

现代企业竞争已不再是传统竞争观念之下的企业之间为争夺最终消费者而展开的市场竞争了。现代企业要想在竞争中建立优势,就必须全面关注一切可能影响企业竞争力的相关组织和个人的作用。本文采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法,对现代企业竞争及其效能描述提出了一种全新的观点。     

Robust methods in econometrics

This survey of recent developments in robust estimation and inference is directed primarily toward econometricians. It is argued that many of the techniques in common use in econometrics are highly sensitive to unverified hypotheses. Recent progress in designing alternative robust procedures is described and some prospects for future developments are discussed.     

长株潭城市群水资源承载力的实证研究

在界定水资源承载力概念的基础上,构建了长株潭城市群水资源承载能力的指标体系,采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪聚类模型对长株潭城市群水资源承载能力进行了实证分析,提出了提高长株潭城市群水资源承载能力水平的几点应对措施。     

西部地区农民新农保参与意愿研究

本文基于农民微观调查数据．利用Logistic模型对西部地区农民参与新型农村社会养老保险的意愿及影响因素进行了系统分析。研究发现：西部地区农民对新型农村社会养老保险有较强的参与意愿。年龄、健康状况、个人年收入、家庭劳动力数、家庭男孩数、家庭女孩数、家庭承包土地数及是否了解新农保等变量对农民参保意愿影响显著;性剐、婚姻状况、文化程度、从事职业、家庭人口数等变量对农民参保意愿并无显著影响。与已有对东部地区农民旧农保参与意愿的研究结论相比。西部地区农民参与新农保的意愿有其自身的特征。政府部门应针对当地农民的参保意愿及其影响因素,积极探索并总结行之有效的措施来实现预期的全覆盖目标。     

免费婚检、孕检的投入产出分析——以广东某区为例

本文从经济学的角度,以投入产出模型和机会成本为理论基础,通过构建以出生缺陷减少为产出收益的免费婚检、孕检投入产出分析模型,并以广东省某区的经验数据进行实证检验,对免费婚检、孕检推行的可行性进行分析。发现推行免费婚孕检的产出与投入的净现值指数为2．08,观显大于1。说明免费婚检、孕检项目可行且效益明显,值得在更大范围内推广。     

The effect of different data structures,sample sizes on model fit measures

In this study, our aim was to investigate the changes of different data structures and different sample sizes on the structural equation modeling and the influence of these factors on the model fit measures. Examining the created structural equation modeling under different data structures and sample sizes, the evaluation of model fit measures were performed with a simulation study. As a result of the simulation study, optimization and negative variance estimation problems have been encountered depending on the sample size and changing correlations. It was observed that these problems disappeared either by increasing the sample size or the correlations between the variables in factor. For upcoming studies, the choice of RMSEA and IFI model fit measures can be suggested in all sample sizes and the correlation values for data sets are ensured the multivariate normal distribution assumption.     

社区老人—儿童共养模式可行性分析

本文主要探讨了老人—儿童共养这一新型社区养老模式。在探索了中国老年问题现状以及目前社区养老的总体情况后,笔者结合存在的问题和资源,提出了这一特殊的社区养老模式,并从必要性、具体操作和可行性分别进行了考量。藉此逐步拓宽社区养老服务的内容和形式,发挥出社工的专业作用,促进养老事业的发展。     

Improved model selection criteria for SETAR time series models

The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we obtain the asymptotic properties of the modified model selection criteria proposed by Hurvich et al. (1990. Improved estimators of Kullback-Leibler information for autoregressive model selection in small samples. Biometrika 77, 709–719) for autoregressive models. Second, we provide some highlights on the better performance of this modified criteria. Third, we extend the modification introduced by these authors to model selection criteria commonly used in the class of self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) time series models. We show the improvements of the modified criteria in their finite sample performance. In particular, for small and medium sample size the frequency of selecting the true model improves for the consistent criteria and the root mean square error (RMSE) of prediction improves for the efficient criteria. These results are illustrated via simulation with SETAR models in which we assume that the threshold and the parameters are unknown.     

基于企业产权关系的权变公司治理模式研究

随着社会经济的发展,公司制企业在国民经济中的地位不断提升,公司治理也越来越引起人们的注意.但是,对于转轨时期的中国国有企业和民营企业而言.由于不同企业的条件状况不一样,其公司治理不能采取完全相同的模式,而应当实行权变的公司治理策略.对公司治理模式影响最大的莫过于企业的产权关系,因为公司治理在很大程度上是对企业产权关系的反映和保障.企业的产权关系不同,公司治理也有相应的不同类型.正是基于这一考虑,本文立足于对不同类型的企业产权关系分析.探讨公司治理的不同类型以及影响企业对其选择的主要因素,最终形成权变公司治理模式,并采用问卷调查的方法进行了实证检验,力图为现实的企业实践和相关的理论研究提供参考.