Preparing Parents for Adoption: An Agency Experience

To prepare for the complexities of family formation, 78 prospective adoptive parents participated in Pre-Adopt, a psychosocial educational orientation program offered by one private nonprofit agency. The five-session curriculum included an overview of adoption policies and procedures, discussion of the child placement process, exploration of couples' adoption concerns and expectations about child characteristics, information about adoption laws and birth-parent/child searches, and examination of anticipatory fantasies about birth parents. Program evaluation yielded statistically significant and clinically meaningful findings about changes in emotional readiness to adopt, parenting knowledge, and satisfaction with group participation, adoption policies and agency practices. Practice implications are considered.     

浅谈家庭教育在未成年人思想道德建设中的作用

家庭教育在未成年人的思想道德建设中起着极其重大作用,它关系到一个国家的前途和民族的命运。     

Zimbabwe's AIDS action programme for schools

AIDS education started very early in Zimbabwe and is now compulsory in all schools. This evaluation documents the development of the primary and secondary school AIDS Action Programme from 1991 to 1998. Six programme aspects were evaluated: programme start-up, planning and management, development of syllabi and materials, teacher training, research, monitoring and evaluation, and co-ordination. The Programme drew on resources from within the existing educational system. Due to broad-based consultation and participation, it was supported by Government and partners. Flexible management ensured implementation of mid-course corrections. It was concluded that school AIDS programmes should stress participatory teaching and learning methods and life-skills training. Curriculum writers and teachers needed training and supervision in participatory techniques. Cluster workshops between district and school levels were needed to strengthen the cascade model of teacher training that had been adopted. Systematic research, monitoring and evaluation were essential, including follow-ups to baseline surveys. The Zimbabwean programme was well-designed, relatively inexpensive and replicable.     

国际合作计划生育结合项目与社区发展——云南罗平县结合项目实践的分析

根据云南省罗平县结合项目实施情况的实地考察,从社区发展方法的视角,对项目实施过程中的社区宣传、社区组织、资金筹措、效果评估和基层总体项目管理能力等方面进行了分析.     

Pathways between education and health: a causal modelling approach

Summary.  The association of poor education and poor health has been consistently observed in many studies and in various countries. Thus far, studies examining the mechanisms underlying this association have looked at only a limited set of potential pathways. This study simultaneously examines six distinctive pathways, which have been hypothesized to link education and health and found support from previous studies. A causal analysis of education and health was performed using structural equation models. Data were used from six phases of the National Child Development Study, which is based on following up an initial sample of 17416 children who were born in 1958. The association between education and health appears to be explained by a combination of mechanisms: adolescent health and adult health behaviours for men and women, adult social class among men and parental social class among women. We conclude that improvements in population educational attainment may not automatically lead to improvements in population health, and that health policies for improving health and reducing health inequalities need to target specific causal pathways.     

美国联邦政府社区“一老一小”代际间互助项目的价值取向与运行机制——美国代理祖父母志愿者项目的经验

美国代理祖父母志愿者项目是借助代际间服务型学习方法,以满足社区需求为导向,利用各类资源实施的一种社区教育和服务活动,旨在改善老年人生活质量,促进老年人和儿童青少年共同发展,构建互利共生社区服务型学习生态。其运行机制包括涵盖招募选拔、志愿者培训、服务实践和绩效评估四个环节及分工明确的协同合作。其项目实践以循证服务模式为依托,项目设计与运行保持了一定的自主性,效果评估体现了综合多维性。美国代理祖父母志愿者项目可以为我国发挥社区作用,推动社区教育发展,促进养老托幼一体化服务建设,构建互利共生的服务型学习生态提供参考借鉴。     

Three faces of international inequality

Recent studies of international inequality have focused mostly on the trend in international income inequality. This article extends the analysis of international inequality to also include inequalities in education and health. Analyses of time-series data for more than 100 countries show that international income inequality declined from 1980 to 2003 as several large, poor Asian countries outpaced many Western countries in national income growth. By contrast, international health inequality followed a U-shaped trend, falling in the 1980s before rising in the 1990s. The turnaround in health inequality coincides with a trend of declining life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. International educational inequality experienced the sharpest recent decline, spurred by the global expansion of formal schooling. These findings confirm that there is more to international inequality than income inequality alone and suggest that patterns of inequality in the current era of globalization are likely more complex than many leading theories suggest.     

美国与墨西哥禁毒合作中的不对称性——以"百草枯喷洒项目"为中心(1971-1981)

20世纪60年代初期,美国国内大麻问题日趋恶化,寻求解决大麻问题的良策成为美国政府的主要议题之一。美国政府放弃极端年代的极端管制政策,开始把大麻问题的解决诉诸双边和多边的国际合作,试图通过次区域、区域和全球的协同合作来缓解国内的大麻问题。历史地考察美国与墨西哥围绕“百草枯喷洒项目”出现的合作与冲突,可以发现,美墨之间的合作更多地体现出一种互动影响和制约关系的“不对称性”。美国政府与社会的认知、美国政府内行为体间相互的博弈与妥协、美国国内政策的调整等“三个变量”主导了美墨间禁毒的相互依存结构,继而成为两国间合作存续的必要条件,导致了合作关系的脆弱,也令美墨间的禁毒合作关系难以摆脱帝国霸权的阴影。     

工科院校社会工作专业教育存在的困境与办学特色探讨

社会工作专业教育自20世纪80年代末期在我国设立以来,在经历了前十几年缓慢发展以后,最近几年进入了一个快速扩张时期,国内高校尤其工科院校开办社会工作专业的数量成倍增加。社会工作注重应用性、实践性和操作性的特点与很多工科院校或以有工科背景的综合性大学的办学方针不谋而合。社会工作专业教育在取得了一定的成绩和研究成果的同时,也不难发现在其发展过程中存在不少的问题。把社会工作专业办成工科院校的亮点和特色,就要在办学过程中充分体现工科院校的应用型定位。     

高校心理辅导站建立的初步探析

高校心理辅导站的建立为心理健康教育提供了新的平台,它的优势是显而易见的。本文阐述了心理辅导站建立的意义、定位及作用,并对辅导站的发展瓶颈及对策进行了初步探究。