国有企业的产权制度分析

国有企业改革的核心问题是最终形成法律意义上的产权制度。国有企业产权所有关系的确定性、产权结构的有效性和产权保护的强制性是产权制度改革的题中应有之义。国有企业的产权属于公共产权 ,公共产权的代理采取国有制的方式。完备的产权制度可以解决国有企业委托 -代理关系失效、财产组织形式效率不高、外部效应和法人治理结构难以建立等问题。国有企业产权制度改革宜采取分类施治的途径。国有企业只有明晰界定产权的所有关系 ,才能保障产权功能的发挥。产权所有关系确定之后 ,国有企业即成为法律上的民事行为主体和市场主体 ,其法人资产制度即具备了与企业产权相关的特征     

村落视野下的农民机构养老意愿研究——基于鄂、川、赣三省抽样调查的实证分析

本文基于对鄂、川、赣三省34个村庄农民的问卷调查数据,运用定序Logistic回归模型,分析了村庄因素尤其是宗族对于农村居民入住养老机构意愿的影响。研究发现:虽然现阶段机构养老成为了部分农村居民的养老选择,但总体来看,多数农民入住养老机构的意愿较低。村庄的宗族结构和功能在一定程度上影响农村居民入住养老机构的意愿。有非正式宗族网络的农村居民比没有宗族网络的农村居民入住养老机构的意愿低,有正式宗族组织的农村居民入住意愿最低。宗族在公共服务中的功能越强,农村居民入住养老机构的意愿越低。同时,家庭在村庄中的经济社会地位处于非下层的农村居民比处于下层的农村居民入住意愿更低。     

Contacts and contexts

Theories concerning a possible link between contact use and earnings tend to focus on person-based explanations: (1) rational job-seekers choose between multiple job offers and pick the best available one based on reservation wages (0095 and 0065); (2) people make friends with others who share similar statuses, making the link between high-status contacts and earnings spurious (Mouw, 2003); (3) contact-users mobilize job contacts to compensate for deficits in their human capital (Lin, 2000). Such explanations however tend to neglect the larger role of institutional factors. Instead of focusing on the job search as a purely instrumental process, I argue for a need to analyze job contacts and status attainment in terms of more contextual and embedded arrangements.     

非营利机构卫星账户编制的国际进展:标准更新及国家经验

非营利机构是社会经济架构中不可或缺的重要组成部分。现行的国民账户体系(下文简称“SNA”)(United Nations,2009)并不能完整呈现非营利机构的全貌,非营利机构卫星账户能够弥补中心框架对非营利机构信息展示不全的缺陷。本文首先探讨了联合国2003版和2018版非营利机构卫星账户编制手册在生产范围、活动分类标准及表式框架等方面的更新内容。其次,对目前已经实践编制非营利机构卫星账户国家的编制经验进行总结梳理。文章最后提出了我国编制非营利机构卫星账户的政策建议。     

国家统计机构现代化所面临的挑战

本文介绍了在数字化颠覆和数据革命的背景下各国统计机构所面临的挑战,探讨了经济和社会变化给统计机构提出的新任务和带来的新竞争,阐述了国家统计机构重新定位的必要性,并从治理、组织和能力以及专业知识三个方面提出了建议。     

加强管理:构建节约型高等学校

在社会主义初级阶段,必须走构建节约型高等学校的办学道路.通过科学决策、强化管理、制度保障等措施,降低办学成本,优化办学过程.以最少的投入提高办学质量和效益.     

广东培正学院品牌的塑造与发展研究

我国民办高校已经进入了品牌竞争的时代。"广东培正学院"虽然已是广东民办高校的知名品牌,但要在激烈的市场竞争中提高"广东培正学院"品牌的知名度,实现我院的持续发展,必须实施"综合打造、突出重点、长期建设"的品牌发展战略,将"广东培正学院"塑造成成具有自己特色的强势品牌。     

Institutional foundations for a just society

The author distinguishes between fundamental justice and incremental justice and argues that the Harsanyian/Rawlsian, ex ante, concept of justice is the only concept of justice relevant to the design and evaluation of institutions. Unlike incremental justice for which a concensus as to what constitutes justice is generally not possible the conditions that satisfy the Harsanyian/Rawlsian concept of justice are derived from the assumptions of rationality and aversion to large risks, and the postulate of fairness. A concensus occurs not fortuitously but inevitably. The paper develops eight principles of institutional design that contribute towards a just society and that follow logically from these assumptions and postulates. The paper argues that these principles are by and large needed for social welfare maximization, so that justice is generally consistent with efficiency. The paper applies the theory to the concept of exploitation, crime and punishment, as well as labour market and social security, to illustrate the working of the principles developed.     

Varieties of indebtedness: Financialization and mortgage market institutions in Europe

During the global housing boom that preceded the 2007–9 financial crisis, household debt increased substantially in many European countries, posing a challenge for literature on financialization and the institutional heterogeneity of mortgage markets. This paper examines recent institutional shifts in European mortgage markets and specifies three analytically distinct models of debt accumulation: inclusion, extension and intensity. While existing research has emphasized inclusion (access to homeownership), we show that financial intensification is an important determinant of cross-national variation in debt. We assess the variation in financial intensity in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain) using household-level survey data. Our results show that inclusion and expansion explain only part of the cross-national variation in mortgage debt to income ratios. Furthermore, household financial behavior is consistent with the financial intensity model, and variation in the degree of financial intensification explains a substantial portion of the cross-national difference in debt levels.