扬州市邗江区乡镇预防保健体制改革两种模式的比较研究

扬州市邗江区1999年对全区21所乡镇卫生院进行了产权制度改革。改制前3年,实行“医防合一”体制,从2002年起实行“医防分设”体制。文章采用定性调查和定量调查相结合的方法,比较改革前后农村卫生体系和农村预防保键资源、组织机构、服务效率、监督执法力度、农民满意度等方面的变化。研究表明,“医防分设”是必由之路,为进一步改革和完善预防保健体系提供了依据。     

安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平精算研究

老龄化程度加剧,失能人数增加,是我国社会面临的一大难题,长期护理保险制度在该问题的解决中发挥着重要的作用。我国长期护理保险筹资机制存在参保主体覆盖面不足、筹资渠道单一、筹资水平高低不等、筹资激励措施缺乏等问题。文章将安徽省参保对象分为城镇职工和城乡居民,并将失能人群分为轻度、中度、重度三个等级,运用国际劳工组织(International Labour Organization,ILO)精算模型中的人口、收入、成本、结果等子模型测算安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平。结果显示,2019年安徽省城镇职工医疗保险参保人群的缴费率为0.14%,城乡居民每年需要缴纳96.77元。结合安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平与我国筹资机制实践存在的不足进行讨论,为安徽省长期护理保险筹资机制的设计提出优化建议。     

设立国有医药公司降低虚高药价

公立医疗机构对医疗资源的垄断、政府对药品流通市场监管的不到位、广大消费者对相关政策法律及药品知识的无知是造成当前药价虚高的核心原因;在市场经济条件下,政府应该更多地运用经济和法律手段来解决这一问题,由地方政府设立国有医药流通公司,同时运用互联网等媒介扩大消费者对医药信息的了解,从而通过消费者对药品理性选择的市场力量和政府规范市场的法制力量来解决药价虚高这一社会问题。     

中小学独生子女同伴关系调查

文章通过对中小学独生子女同伴关系的调查研究,得出如下结论:第一,同伴交往中不受欢迎的独生子女占相当的比例;第二,小学阶段的独生子女与中学阶段的独生子女同伴关系的总体状况差不多,都是受欢迎的与不受欢迎的各占一成半左右,二者没有显著差异;第三,中小学独生子女同伴交往存在着明显的性别差异,女生的同伴关系明显好于男生;第四,在中学阶段,不受欢迎的农村独生子女明显多于城市独生子女;第五,中学阶段毕业班的独生子女受欢迎的明显比非毕业班的少,不受欢迎的与非毕业班没有显著差异,同伴关系一般的明显比非毕业班的多。     

家庭托育点管理实践及启示：政策工具的视角

家庭托育点的规范化对婴幼儿健康成长至关重要。通过文献收集和访谈获得既往管理举措和当前试点政策,运用政策工具进行分析和总结,探究管理家庭托育点的背景、对象和措施。结果表明：家庭托育点因经济优势而被纳入管理,现有征求意见稿管理对象偏向小规模邻托,但试点和市场偏向较大收托规模;消防审查依托既有消防验收,师资准入要求偏低,质量监管依靠政府。管理建议：应根据收托规模区分小型和大型家庭托育点开展试点;完善三方协同的管理架构,设定专门空间环境要求,提高师资准入要求,建立综合质量监管。     

以人为本的高校德育新模式

传统的高校德育模式偏重于“道德理论”、“道德知识”和“政治伦理”的灌输,缺乏自身应有的稳定性、逻辑性和科学性,在价值取向上难以摆脱社会本位和政治伦理的倾向。改革高校德育就必须构建“以人为本”的现代高校德育新模式,重视生命关怀,关注学生生命及其生命的生存状况和生存意义,进一步完善德育课程体系,拓宽德育内容,塑造大学生的健康人格和积极向上的人生价值观。     

幼儿园“开放式大课程”的内涵与实践探索——基于保教一体化背景的理念要求

保教一体化作为国际性的发展潮流,既是“完整幼儿”发展的“应有之义”,也是当前幼儿园小学化的“一剂良药”。应对保教一体化背景下幼儿园课程实施的挑战,需改革旧有的课程模式,实施“开放式大课程”。开放式大课程具有重视把隐性课程纳入显性课程的课程思维、强调自由非固化的时间节奏和建构开放生活化的空间场域的特点。实施开放式大课程,应建构起由师幼共同编制、有机联系的主题式课程设计;采取立体式的课程架构,在不同时机,采用不同方式地实施保育和教育;形成渗透式、对话式的课程环境。     

Child custody issues and co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: controversies and points of agreement amongst practitioners

The situation of families undergoing separation in a context of co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment raises certain issues related to child custody. The results presented in this paper were collected and analysed within the framework of a qualitative study aiming to identify the principal points of agreement and the main controversies amongst practitioners in several different types of organizations. Focus groups were held with a total of 43 practitioners from six different settings concerned with child custody in cases of co‐occurrence of IPV and child maltreatment. Although they agreed on the importance of ensuring the safety of victims of violence, their views diverged on three points: (1) the importance of preserving the father–child relationship; (2) collaboration between voluntary organizations and semi‐voluntary or legal agencies; and (3) consideration of cultural differences.     

'I made some mistakes . . . but I love them dearly' the views of parents of children in informal kinship care

In-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 parents of children living with relatives in informal kinship care arrangements revealed the parents' views of the reasons for the informal kinship care arrangements, quality of their relationships with the children and their caregivers, their current and future roles in their children's lives, feelings experienced when with and away from the children, positive and negative aspects of kinship care, future goals and dreams for their children, and their assessments of their own strengths and challenges. Results of these interviews suggest several implications for social work practice and research.     

A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care

Rajhvajn Bulat L. A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 412–423 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The aim of this article is to analyse the challenges involved when making longitudinal observations of depressiveness in children raised in public care. The first measurement comprised 375 children from children's homes and foster families; however, most of the results are based on an analysis of the 139 children who participated in both parts of the research. We used the Child Depression Inventory and the anxiety/depression subscales of Youth Self Report and Child Behaviour Checklist as measures of depressiveness. The comparison of results from the first and second measurements showed that depressiveness in children in public care decreased over time. Children who grew up in children homes were, in the first measurement, more depressed than those living in foster families, but after five years that difference had disappeared. Furthermore, decrease in depressiveness is predominantly associated with less frequent delinquent, aggressive or hyperactive behaviour, less withdrawal and better control over uncomfortable emotions.