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861.
This paper assesses the effects of labour market policies on the unemployment outflow rate while disentangling two channels, namely labour market tightness and employer–employee matching efficiency. Using a sample of 11 OECD countries over the period 1985–2007, we treat the endogeneity of market tightness with business cycle shocks and the tax wedge as instruments. We find that the replacement rate of unemployment benefits, Active Labour Market Policies as well as the tax wedge in countries with poorly representative unions, have a significant, robust, and large impact on market tightness. Employment protection has a negative but small impact on matching efficiency. Overall, policy effects appear to be mostly channeled through market tightness and job creation. 相似文献
862.
Henna Nivalainen 《LABOUR》2014,28(1):112-140
This study investigates the effect of the introduction of the public employment agency's Internet‐based service on the duration of employer search. The analysis exploits the introduction of a web‐based service by the Finnish Employment Agency in October 2002. The results, based on information on job vacancies announced via the public employment agency between 2002 and 2003, indicate that the introduction of the web service, in general, shortened the duration of employer search. However, we find that the introduction of the web‐based service shortened the average duration of vacancies in some regions but not in others. In addition, employers in urban areas were more likely to benefit from the introduction of the online service. 相似文献
863.
This study analyses employers' support for the introduction of industry‐specific minimum wages as a cost‐raising strategy in order to deter market entry. Using a unique data set consisting of 800 firms in the German service sector, we show that high‐productivity employers support minimum wages. We further find some evidence that minimum wage support is higher in industries and regions with low barriers to entry. This is particularly the case in East Germany, where the perceived threat of low‐wage competition from Central and Eastern European countries is relatively high. In addition, firms paying collectively agreed wages are more strongly in favour of minimum wages. 相似文献
864.
Harald Dale‐Olsen 《LABOUR》2014,28(1):40-63
Utilizing Norwegian linked register and survey data, while exploiting a discontinuity in public sick pay legislation, I show that the public sick pay compensation level causally affects male performance pay workers' sick leave days. Both male and female performance pay workers experience longer sick leaves when provided private supplementary sick pay compared with those being eligible for public sick pay only. This differential impact of the replacement rate on workers' sick leave rates reveals heterogeneous behavioural changes following public sick pay cuts, and this heterogeneity will be reinforced by the provision of employer‐provided sick pay to attractive worker groups. 相似文献
865.
This study sheds light on the labour market outcomes of children born to immigrants in the destination country, i.e. second generation immigrants. The study has the advantage of being able to (i) identify several different ethnic backgrounds and (ii) identify the parent composition, i.e. whether one or both parents of the individual are foreign born. The labour market outcomes of second generation immigrants mirror those of first generation immigrants in that we find heterogeneity in labour market outcomes to be associated with ethnic background. Moreover, these outcomes, especially for Southern and non-European backgrounds, are much worse than those for native-born with a Swedish background. Finally, the outcome is more favourable if one parent is born in Sweden compared to having both parents foreign born, especially if the mother is native born.All Correspondence to Dan-Olof Rooth. We are grateful for several helpful comments and suggestions from two anonymous referees. A research grant from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research is gratefully acknowledged. Responsible editor: Christoph M. Schmidt. 相似文献
866.
Helena Skyt?Nielsen Michael?Rosholm Nina?SmithEmail author Leif?Husted 《Journal of population economics》2003,16(4):755-786
2nd generation immigrants from less developed countries have less education and a lower employment frequency compared to the native Danish youth. We analyse the school-to-work transition of these groups using panel data for the years 1985–1997. The educational gap between 2nd generation immigrants and the Danish youth is to some extent explained by age structure, while age does not explain the native-immigrant gap concerning the duration of waiting time until first job and the duration of first employment spell. Instead parental capital and neighbourhood effects seem to play a major role. We find large gender differences among 2nd generation immigrants in the school-to-work transition.All Correspondence to Nina Smith. Thanks to Thomas Haugaard Jensen, Anne-Sofie Reng Rasmussen and Mette Skak-Nielsen who have done part of the computational work. We also want to thank two anynomous referees and participants in the ESF-conference on Migration and Development in Naples 2000 and the ESPE conference in Athens 2001 for many valuable comments. The project has been financed by the Danish Social Science Research Council (FREJA), the Danish Ministry of Labour and TSER. Furthermore, Helena Skyt Nielsen has been supported financially by the Danish Social Science Research Council (SSF), while this work was undertaken. Responsible editors: David Card and Christopher M. Schmidt. 相似文献
867.
Immigrant earnings: Language skills, linguistic concentrations and the business cycle 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
This study of the determinants of earnings among adult foreign-born men using the 1990 Census of Population focuses on the
effects of the respondent's own English language skills, the effects of living in a linguistic concentration area, and the
effects of the stage of the business cycle at entry into the U.S. labor market. The analysis demonstrates the importance of
English language fluency among the foreign born from non-English speaking countries. There is also strong evidence for the
complementarity between language skills and other forms of human capital. Furthermore, there is strong evidence using selectivity
correction techniques for the endogeneity between language and earnings.
Received: 30 November 1999/Accepted: 6 February 2001 相似文献
868.
Anders Björklund Tor Eriksson Markus Jäntti Oddbjörn Raaum Eva Österbacka 《Journal of population economics》2002,15(4):757-772
The correlation in economic status among siblings is a useful “omnibus measure” of the overall impact of family and community
factors on adult economic status. In this study we compare brother correlations in long-run (permanent) earnings between the
United States, on one hand, and the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) on the other. Our base case results,
based on very similar sample criteria and definitions for all countries, show that this correlation is above 0.40 in the United
States and in the range 0.14–0.26 in the Nordic countries. Even though these results turn out to be somewhat sensitive to
some assumptions that have to be made, we conclude that the family and community factors are more important determinants of
long-run earnings in the United States than in the Nordic countries.
Received: 27 July 2000/Accepted: 7 March 2001
All correspondence to: Anders Bj?rklund. Comments from two referees, conference participants at ESPE2000 and the Canadian
Employment Research Forum, seminar participants in Aarhus, Uppsala, Bonn, and Stockholm are gratefully acknowledged. We thank
NOS-S for financial support. The Swedish data collection was also supported by HSFR and SFR. The Finnish data were obtained
with support from the Yrj? Jahnsson Foundation. We thank Tom Erik Aab? for preparing the Norwegian data, and Esben Agerbo
for computational assistance with the Danish data. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献
869.
This study uses a lineal-extinction-probability-minimization approach proposed by Chu (1991) to study the relation between bequest division and population growth. Using a Markov branching process
and “first-degree stochastic dominance” technique, our model's results imply that any specific bequest division, primogeniture
or equal divisions, does not necessarily increase or reduce the population growth by itself. Whether the population does grow,
or by how much, will be determined by the concurrent social-economic conditions. We find that if all family heads faced an
increasing MRTS technology and/or a relatively unfair market chance, then they would tend to choose an unequal division as their optimal bequest policy, and population growth would increase. However, if an equal
division was adopted involuntarily by family heads or was enforced by laws, then the population growth might decline.
Received: 26 November 1999/Accepted: 26 October 2000 相似文献
870.
Residential location and youth unemployment: The economic geography of school-to-work transitions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Regina T. Riphahn 《Journal of population economics》2002,15(1):115-135
In response to increased international policy attention to youth unemployment this study investigates post-secondary school
transitions of school leavers. Multinomial logit models are estimated for male and female German youth. The models control
for individual, parent, and household characteristics, for those of the youth's region of residence and local labor markets.
The findings suggest that immigrant youth has particularly low participation rates in continued education, and that youth
unemployment is centered in high unemployment states and metropolitan areas. More generous academic benefit policies seem
to be correlated with increased academic enrollment, and men's transitions to the military do reflect recent changes in defense
policies.
Received: 30 November 1999/Accepted: 3 August 2000 相似文献