论张学良在西安事变和平解决中的地位和作用

西安事变的和平解决是促成蒋介石接受张、杨及中共抗日思想的关键.西安事变能够和平解决,真正起决定作用的是事变的主角张学良.在整个西安事变的发展过程中,张学良不仅是和平解决事变的倡导者,还是促进西安事变和平解决的实施者,张学良作为西安事变和平解决的主体地位以及发挥出的决定性作用,是应该给予充分肯定的.     

改进的L1范数故障诊断方法

本文提出一种线性模拟容差电路故障诊断方法——改进的L_1范数方法。此方法首先运用蒙特卡诺容差分析方法,建立线性模拟容差电路模型,然后通过求解L_1范数优化诊断方程,以诊断故障元件,并在优化求解过程中作了线性化处理。     

标准谬误论的批评和重新解读

诸多学者追随汉布林，对标准谬误论进行了广泛而持久的批评。这些批评无疑大大促进了谬误研究。但是，不仅这些批评存在矫枉过正的情况，而且也存在从新的视界重新解读标准谬误论的可能性。     

L p –Estimators as Estimates of a Parameter of Location for a Sharp–pointed Symmetric Density

We study the asymptotics of L _p estimators, p > 0, over a sample having a symmetric density with a sharp–point at the centre of symmetry of the distribution. The rates of convergence of the L _p estimators in this situation depend on p and on the shape of the density. To obtain some of the limit distributions, we present new results in the asymptotics of M–estimators. We extend the delta method to the case when the Euclidean norm of the conveniently normalized M–estimators converge to a power of the Euclidean norm of a (possibly Gaussian) stable distribution.     

Ethical dilemmas in evaluating programs with family court related clients

Two ethical dilemmas are discussed; breaching client confidentiality in order to intervene in the client's illegal behavior, and defining the role of evaluator as expert witness. The evaluation context concerns a combined program development and evaluation project with clients involved in family court proceedings for child abuse or neglect. Different perspectives, approaches, and experiences in resolving each dilemma are reviewed. The conclusion argues that approaches to ethical dilemmas in evaluation projects must go beyond techniques to disguise data, to include an assessment of the values and value commitments connected to the different roles an evaluator must perform.     

特殊情况下出口企业的风险防范问题

外贸出口企业在一些特殊情况下防范履约风险的措施是 :首先 ,应在合同中订立不可抗力条款以防范风险的发生 ;其次 ,还应投保卖方利益险和出口信用险以弥补因买方拒付、拒收给出口企业造成的损失。另外 ,出口企业在与外商签约时尽力争取对己有利的CIF贸易术语成交和信用证结算方式支付 ,以此把风险损失降到最低程度。     

Emergence of entrepreneurial behaviour: The role of age-based self-image

This study introduces an individual’s perception of their entrepreneurial potential in terms of their age (age-based self-image) to complement chronological age as a predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour. The principal hypothesis is that a positive age-based self-image enhances the likelihood of individuals turning their intention to start a business into actual behaviour. The empirical analysis based on data collected on the general adult population of Finland in 2011 and 2012 (n = 672) supports this hypothesis. The analysis further shows that this positive effect is independent of the individual’s chronological age, and it is thus applicable to both age groups that are under-represented in entrepreneurship: ‘youngsters’ and ‘seniors’. Promoting the development of a positive age-based self-image is a prospective policy option for fostering entrepreneurship among younger and older age groups. More in-depth research, especially concerning the antecedents of positive age-based self-image, is required for the effectiveness of such policy interventions.     

浅论"七S"管理模型

80年代初,日本经济的发展速度超过美国,国际管理理论界对日本企业进行了研究,麦肯锡公司对日本松下公司和美国企业做了调查后,指出了日本企业管理上的优势战略上允许创新;组织结构上不实行复杂的结构;制度上强调有效性;风格上重视顾客和质量;视员工为"社会人";把个人的才能和组织结合起来;建立企业共同的价值观念.即战略,结构,制度,人员,风格,技能和崇高目标七个因素,简称"七S"模型.其中前三个"硬S"因素两国企业差别不大,而差距在于后四个"软S"因素.     

Good works well publicized? Understanding L. Ron Hubbard’s interpretation of Effective Public Relations

Scientology’s public relations function is based on research and writing by L. Ron Hubbard, who studied public relations and drafted documents directing Church communication strategies. Hubbard annotated the textbook Effective Public Relations, which was reprinted for Church practitioners. Textual analysis shows Hubbard was particularly interested in redefining key concepts, emphasizing interpersonal communication strategies, and selectively adopting media relations strategies. The findings suggest that he used the annotations to appropriate the text and position himself as a communications expert. Evidence suggests Church communication practitioners continue to follow Hubbard’s recommendations.