Disclosing Lesbian and Gay Male Sexual Orientation in Later Life: Attitudes of Younger and Older Generations in Eight Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to explore attitudes toward older lesbians and gay men disclosing their sexual preferences in eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 1,539 participants belonging to three age groups (18–29 years, 60–69 years, and 70 years and over). Their answers to two open-ended questions were content-analyzed, and binary logistic regressions were run on the extreme attitudinal categories. Results showed that although most attitudes were positive, a solid percentage of participants still expressed different kinds of derogatory attitudes. Men (as compared to women) and participants who were more religious and less educated tended to hold more negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Both older samples were more prejudiced than the younger one, and attitudes also varied according to country. There was a general trend showing more positive attitudes toward older lesbians and gay men in those countries where sexual minorities’ rights are better assured, which suggests that measures to protect sexual minorities and to make sexual diversity in older age visible could be advisable.     

德国和美国刑事诉讼指定辩护制度之比较

概括介绍了德国和美国刑事诉讼的指定辩护制度，并对这些制度进行了一系列比较分析，从制度层面的差别上揭示了两国指定辩护制度的法律传统和价值差别的根源。     

福田赳夫内阁的“全方位外交”及其中日缔约实践

福田赳夫内阁积极奉行＂全方位外交＂,一方面积极谋求与苏联发展关系;另一方面力图缔结中日和平友好条约而不至于开罪苏联,超然于中苏对立之外。这种在日苏及日中之间开展＂全方位外交＂的举措终因苏联方面缺乏应有诚意而失败。福田转而在美国的支持下将推动中日缔约作为自己任内的重要课题。实践证明,福田富有理想主义色彩的＂全方位外交＂在美苏对峙的冷战格局下很难真正贯彻落实。     

A Comparison of Ethical Practices of Russian and American Managers

This study examines perception of various business practices of Russian and American managers. Using data collected from 136 Russian managers and 252 American managers we found that cross-national differences account for many differences between perceptions of business practices. Implications for managerial practice are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acceleration of the Multiple-Try Metropolis algorithm using antithetic and stratified sampling

The Multiple-Try Metropolis is a recent extension of the Metropolis algorithm in which the next state of the chain is selected among a set of proposals. We propose a modification of the Multiple-Try Metropolis algorithm which allows for the use of correlated proposals, particularly antithetic and stratified proposals. The method is particularly useful for random walk Metropolis in high dimensional spaces and can be used easily when the proposal distribution is Gaussian. We explore the use of quasi Monte Carlo (QMC) methods to generate highly stratified samples. A series of examples is presented to evaluate the potential of the method.     

试析美国黑人小说《看不见的人》

从美国黑人小说《看不见的人》的结构、主题、艺术手法的运用以及小说对黑人学的影响几个方面对小说进行了分析，认为作埃利森观察深透，善于捕捉美国人，尤其是美国黑人的思想、生活，反映他们隐蔽的内心痛苦，为黑人小说发展做出了重要贡献。     

当代阿拉伯裔美国人——歧视与反歧视

阿拉伯裔美国人主要由两批移民组成,他们在美国遭遇了不同程度的歧视和不公。通过不懈的奋斗,他们在美国社会的政治地位有所提高,但遭受歧视的状况并没得到根本改变。9·11又给他们带来严峻考验,可以说,他们在追求平等的路上才迈出了第一步。     

美日两国大学图书馆法规比较研究

本文通过对美日两国大学图书馆法规的体系结构、立法依据、人事管理、经费保障等方面的对比分析,指出两国高校图书馆法规建设工作中值得我们借鉴和注意的经验与不足,从而对促进我国高校图书馆法规建设起到积极的推动作用。     

Does Parental Participation in Schools Empower or Strain Civil Society? The Case of Community‐managed Schools in Central America

Among the various educational models in Latin America that seek to increase parental participation in schooling, perhaps the most far‐reaching is the experiment with self‐managed schools. These are publicly funded schools administered by parents. Broad public powers, such as the capacity to decide the budget and make staffing decisions, are given to parents, many of whom have had very limited prior administrative experience. How does this policy innovation impact on civil society? Does parental participation in school administration empower participating citizens or strain civil society? There are various ways of answering these questions. This article looks at some possible ways to conceptualize and assess the relationship between parental participation in self‐managed schools and civil society. The article draws from the experience of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, where these reforms have advanced significantly since the 1990s.     

拉丁美洲国际移民现状研究

对20世纪60年代以来拉丁美洲国际移民方向发生逆转的原因进行了分析,阐述了目前该州国际移民的主要流向及其数量,对其已经和可能产生的后果做了评价,并在此基础上提出了相应的对策。