Diviners with Membership and Certificates: An Inquiry into the Legitimation and Professionalisation of Chinese Diviners

In wrestling with the precariousness of their legitimacy and reputation, diviners in China have developed their own approaches to legitimating and professionalising their business and occupation. This paper discusses the strategy of incorporating the occupation of divination into modern knowledge production and expert systems by forming academic associations and purchasing professional certificates. Diviners’ imitation of professionalism is interpreted as a struggle towards gaining membership of modern society. The efforts of diviners to seek legitimacy also provide an opportunity to observe how a marginalised social group whose behaviour is generally stigmatised justifies their role in society.     

经理人职能与职业化发展研究

有关文献研究表明,现代化社会的职业经理人承担着一些企业家的职能。要获得社会信任,经理人职业必须发展专业知识和职业伦理,走职业化的道路。本文回顾了西方经理人的职业化历程,从人力资本和社会契约论等方面解释了职业经理人权力所具有的合法性基础,指出推动经理人群体职业化,是解决发展中国家企业家能力短缺问题的重要途径。     

罗尔斯＂万民法＂第八条探源

罗尔斯“万民法”原则由最初的七条发展为后来的八条,个中原因值得思考。罗尔斯《正义论》使世界主义者得出了“罗尔斯推论”,作为回应,罗尔斯在1999年版《万民法》中补充了“人民要援助负担不利条件的社会的义务”,但仍然反对“罗尔斯推论”,原因有三个：全球无政府状态、合法性优先于正义、国家自主权优先。     

大众民主：正当性及其限度

大众民主一直遭到精英民主派的种种诘难,大众民主则从民意合法性、大众利益的社会性和社会权利的普遍性为其正当性进行辩护。诚然,精英民主理性超越了强权即真理的实用主义价值取向而有其可取之处,而大众民主尽管存在理性公共政治生活缺失、民主规则共识孱弱和民主能力不足等弱点,但离开大众的民主也是不得要领的。当下中国,应回归正常社会中精英与大众的制衡关系,既肯定大众积极参与政治生活,又尊重国家和社会之间的边界,通过完善民主程序、扩大参与范围、构建公共领域、强调自由平等对话来消除分歧并修正代议民主制的不足。     

公民不服从的功能探析

公民不服从是民主政治社会中一种非法社会行为,既不同于各种形式的合法抗议,又区别于革命和一般违法犯罪.它对社会具有一定的负面影响或作用,但不会破坏法治和导致无政府状态.相反它是社会进步的动力和手段,不但拓宽了维护公民基本权利的渠道,而且对法律的良性发展、法律实质正义的实现以及法律形式缺陷的克服具有积极意义.     

合法性视角下的欧盟东扩

合法性是西方政治学理论特别是有关国家和民主理论的核心概念之一,经常被应用于现代政治秩序分析。经过半个多世纪的发展,欧盟已形成独特的政治和法律体系,合法性理论适用于欧盟研究。欧盟东扩是欧洲一体化进程中的重大事件,它满足了欧盟和中东欧国家双方的利益诉求,是一个双赢的过程,具备合法性的价值基础、规则基础和有效性基础。     

当前我国公共政策合法性重建的路径分析

影响公共政策合法性的主导性因素有两个:一是公共政策的心理取向,即社会公众对政策的认同、遵从和推行;二是社会利益的正义分配,即利益分配要凸显公平、正义、自由、平等、机会均等等价值。从综合经验主义和规范分析政策合法性内涵的基础上,对当前影响我国政策合法性的主要因素进行了分析,并提出我国公共政策合法性重建的具体路径。     

依宪治国原则下公民财产权正当性体系的重构

财产权的正当性包含两个维度:财产权作为权利的正当性和财产权受法律限制的正当性。依宪治国是依法治国的沉淀和凝炼,依宪治国对我国宪法原则及其制度建设提出了更高的要求,在公民财产权的正当性抽象上也是如此,现代社会财产权正当性探讨的维度应该是财产权法律限制的正当性。因此宪法在依宪治国的背景下要实现对财产权的有效保护,就必然对宪法财产权制度的正当性体系进行重构,并以体现宪法的最低道德性和宪法的伦理性为体系前提。依宪治国原则下的财产权正当性的凝炼既要坚守宪法的基本精神,也要关注财产权在依宪背景下的合法性与正当性的互动和融合,体现财产权的规律性和目的性。     

ON 'MAELSTROMS LARGE AND SMALL,METAPHORICAL AND ACTUAL': 'GRAY ZONES' IN THE WRITINGS OF PRIMO LEVI

This article examines the work of Primo Levi, with a focus on the tensions between ‘witness’ and ‘public intellectual’ in Levi's work. It analyses the notion of ‘gray zones’ in Levi's writings, where it functions as a way of indicating transformations in political action and public discourse in the wake of Auschwitz: most importantly, the Nazi genocide undermined the position of ‘spectator’ crucial to liberal discourse by implicating the spectator as a ‘bystander’. The study goes on to discuss the concepts of ‘work’, ‘science’ and ‘intellect’ in Levi's writing, showing how these categories reflect Levi's ultimately unsuccessful struggle to uncover a mode of political thought and public intervention adequate to the changes in political space of which the ‘gray zone’ is symptomatic, i.e. a condition of universal complicity and powerlessness. It concludes that implicit (and undeveloped) in Levi's thought is a set of ‘aesthetico-political’ presuppositions concerned with the articulation of founding, legitimacy and judgement. These presuppositions challenge the reliance of emancipatory discourses upon subjectivity and the logic of self-determination, indicating the need for a politics based on ‘pedagogical accountability’. Resisting the postmodern logic of ‘testimony’, which emerges in the gap between universal claims and their performance and hence dismantles the ‘outside’ as a space of judgement, i.e. the determination of the legitimacy of actions, the politics of pedagogical accountability grounds such an outside in the conjoining of power, responsibility for the world and boundary thinking. This space ‘outside’ ideology and the circulation of subjectivities emerges via resistance to the specifically ‘anti-political’ violence pervasive in late capitalism, and through the clarification of the distinction between this mode of violence and that (‘pre-political’) violence aimed at ‘subjects’.     

共有产权保障性住房制度中的法律问题及公证应对

共有产权保障性住房作为未来保障性住房的主要模式,已经基本得到法律法规的确认,但现阶段立法者的精力主要集中于宏观架构,忽略了制度运行中的具体问题。在购房未满5年的期限内转让、担保、出租甚至分割应有份额的约定属于违法行为,公证机关应拒绝办理此类公证;因房屋使用、管理产生的债务可完全由受保障对象承担,由于不具有公示效力,政府并不因此而免责,公证机关应谨慎审核该类约定条款;因房屋侵权所产生的债务可完全由受保障对象承担,公证机关可对此予以公证;物业费、业主权等事宜可完全由受保障对象承担、享有,公证机关可对此办理公证;一般管理行为可明定受保障对象单独为之,重大修缮行为则不宜使政府的决策权被多数决机制架空,公证机关需进行实质审查;不论法定继承,还是遗嘱继承,公证机关均需谨慎对待5年禁售期内的继承公证,对超过5年禁售期的相关继承公证则可持相对宽松态度。