月圆佳节瓜果“偷盗”民俗的文化意涵及社会功能

习俗与法律作为人们日常生活的规范,可以互补和并存,偷盗在法律是不允许的,在习俗中有时却被允许.中秋节和元宵节的偷盗习俗,在民间比较普遍,不仅汉族,还有一些少数民族,都有此类节日的偷盗习俗,所偷之物多为瓜果、菜蔬.从文化人类学角度讲,"月圆佳节偷盗瓜果"这一习俗蕴含着"祈子祈福"的文化意涵,其中,"月亮"、"瓜果"、"偷盗"都有其特别的文化象征意义.就其社会功能而言,这一习俗折射出祈子祈福的社会心理寄托,属于一种心理压力的释放仪式,有利于"互动仪式链"的生成与延续.     

人是来自自然的乌托邦生物——论恩斯特·布洛赫的哲学人类学思想

与传统的哲学人类学思想不同,布洛赫哲学人类学思想的基础是新的存在论,即"尚未存在的存在论".根据马克思<关于费尔巴哈的提纲>的第11条命题,布洛赫把人的本质规定的两方面,即人的本质的可能性、任务与人的本质的隐匿性、鸟托邦特性有机地结合起来,由此揭示了人类生活关系的规范一实践取向以及历史过程和世界过程在人与世界的本质形成中的独特地位和作用.     

西方人类学电影史述评

在人类学理论史和纪录电影史背景下,本文对西方人类学电影的历史作了梳理。着重评价自活动摄影机诞生以来出现的人类学电影主要潮流及其代表性人物和作品,并且对摄影机技术的发展对影片制作和作品风格的影响给予关注。     

国外女性人类学的发展过程

结构语言学催生了施特劳斯的结构人类学。随后,在女性主义和结构人类学的推动下,以妇女人类学为基础的女性人类学便作为一门新的分支学科产生和发展起来。它先后经历了结构主义和后结构主义这样两个发展阶段。从９０年代起,后结构主义所面临的一些理论难题又使后结构女性人类学开始进行新的反思,这预示着女性人类学将步入新的发展阶段。     

Commodified language in Chinatown: A contextualized approach to linguistic landscape1

In Washington DC's newly gentrified Chinatown, recent commercial establishments, primarily non‐Chinese owned chains, use Chinese‐language signs as design features targeted towards people who neither read nor have ethnic ties to Chinese. Using this neighborhood as a case study, we advocate a contextualized, historicized and spatialized perspective on linguistic landscape which highlights that landscapes are not simply physical spaces but are instead ideologically charged constructions. Drawing from cultural geography and urban studies, we analyze how written language interacts with other features of the built environment to construct commodified urban places. Taking a contextually informed, qualitative approach, we link micro‐level analysis of individual Chinese‐language signs to the specific local socio‐geographic processes of spatial commodification. Such a qualitative approach to linguistic landscape, which emphasizes the importance of sociohistorical context, and which includes analysis of signage use, function, and history, leads to a greater understanding of the larger sociopolitical meanings of linguistic landscapes.     

‘Power Differences’ and ‘the Power of Difference’: The Dominance of Secularism as Ontological Injustice

Abstract

Recent religious studies and international relations scholarship has highlighted secularism as a critical element in dominant modes of identity, power, and exclusion in global politics. Yet, the implications of these insights for global justice theory and practice have rarely been considered. This article suggests that the current dominance of secularism within global justice theory and practice risks undermining the global justice project. Specifically, I argue that secularism’s dominance constitutes an ontological injustice, where both alternative non-secular visions of the world and visions of alternative non-secular worlds are subordinated to secular ontologies. However, this argument raises a crucial question: if, despite secularism’s claim to neutrality and universality, the dominance of secular ontologies contributes to rather than ameliorates injustice, the question that remains is: what are the alternatives? The article concludes by exploring some preliminary responses to this question.     

The contingent futures of the mobile present: automation as possibility

In this article we outline and demonstrate a design anthropological approach to investigating automated mobile futures as a processual opening up of possibilities, rather than as a process of technological innovation. To undertake this we investigate the example of how the car-smartphone relationship is configuring in the contingent circumstances of the mobile present and the implications of this for automated mobile futures. Our discussion is set in the context of the growing possibility that automonous driving (AD) features are increasingly part of everyday mobilities (even if unequally distributed globally) and in which personal mobile smart technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) will exist in some form and will interface with humans and be interoperable with other technologies. In developing this we draw on ethnographic understandings of how people live with the possibilities afforded by technologies in everyday life.     

营养人类学研究简述

营养人类学(Nutritional Anthropology)是营养科学与人类学结合形成的一门分支交叉学科,探究文化、营养与健康之间的关系.在西方,营养人类学已经发展出较为成熟的学科理论体系且取得了丰富的研究成果,但在中国人类学界对这一分支学科的关注并不多.本文从人类学的角度梳理了"食物"与"营养"之间的关系,介绍了营养人类学的学科起源、关键概念以及主要研究领域.     

信仰食物：祭品的神性“营养”

基于学界饮食文化意义本身研究的丰硕成果,以宗教人类学的视角对物质文化进程中的食物信仰性进行探究.专就族群赖以生存的基本食物的文化属性详加分析,窥探其在体制性宗教信仰与民族民间宗教信仰文化观念的建构过程中,表现路径之不同和所承载的重要作用.无论是体制性宗教的特殊标志,还是民族民间宗教信仰中以祭品加以改造的方式,都相当程度阐释出信仰食物在与神灵互通实践中的精神营养内涵,以及于此两种文化信仰氛围之下的饮食男女的意义关系.     

略论纳西族饮食习俗的文化意蕴

本文从东巴古籍记载的饮食习俗和当代的延续、饮食禁忌与民间信仰的关系、食品祭祀和相关的水土观念、纳西族饮食中的民族文化融合以及饮食烹饪习俗中的社会性别和长幼观念五个方面探讨了纳西族饮食习俗的文化意蕴.纳西族的饮食文化源远流长,随着社会的变迁和发展,纳西族的饮食文化也在不断地发生着较大的变迁.其从古相沿的饮食文化,吸收了其他民族的饮食文化精华,进行了本土化改造和创新,得到了丰富和发展.