Basic needs macroeconomics: Is it manageable in the case of Egypt

Models are proposed to assess quantitatively the allocation of product to basic needs consumption, surplus consumption, and investment uses along a steady growth pash that guarantees all workers (and their families) their basic needs. Ways to estimate the inflationary consequences of shifting to such a growth path are also proposed. The models are applied with data from Egypt, and suggest that attainment of basic needs for the population of that country will be a difficult task.     

Defining Life Partnerships: Does Sexual Orientation Matter?

ABSTRACT

This study compared the responses of gay men, lesbians, heterosexual men, and heterosexual women to a number of questions investigating the needs and tensions in life partnerships between two individuals. Overall, the groups had similar attitudes toward life partnerships. Nearly all respondents found great meaning in the idea of life partnership, the pursuits of psychological and physical intimacy and the importance of family and social support, and all three of these categories were actually considered more important than the ability to marry legally. Respondents recognized that having children may encourage commitment to life partnerships, though this was less influential for gay men. A significant percentage of respondents, regarding HIV status, either had no opinion or felt that HIV was not particularly or not at all threatening to life partnerships. Men and women, regardless of sexual orientation, appear to experience similar needs and aspirations regarding life partnerships.     

A general equilibrium model of domestic commerce in Mexico

In this paper we develop a general equilibrium model of the Mexican economy that focuses on the commercial sector, particularly retailing. Consumers purchase goods in different retail establishments, that sell differentiated goods at different prices. Where each consumer decides to make purchases depends on various price and locational considerations. The model has been calibrated to replicate the Mexican economy in 1977, the latest year for which a complete data set is available. We use it to analyze both the impact of the 1980 fiscal reform, a major policy charge for the economy as a whole, and that of a hypothetical development project aimed specifically at the commercial sector. Although our model was conceived and developed well prior to the current period of highly inflationary policies of the debt crisis, the latter was taken into consideration during both the simulations and their policy evaluation.     

麻省理工学院与北京邮电大学数学专业课程设置比较

美国麻省理工学院（MIT）在全美工科院校排名中连续多年位居第一,其基础学科数学系的专业课程设置独具风格。北京邮电大学是以信息科技为特色的多科性国内重点大学,数学专业的发展直接影响着学校人才培养目标的实现。北邮和MIT同为工科院校,介绍并比较两校数学专业课程设置对我校学科建设,尤其是数学专业制订培养方案具有重要的参考价值。     

A family income distribution model for regional (Massachusetts) policy analysis

An earned family income distribution model for Massachussets is described. This model could be estimated and used for other national or subnational regions for which the micro data required to generate earned family income distribution at working period rates are available. The model is distinguished by its explicit inclusion of male- and female-headed families without earnings and by its attention to employment structure, labor market conditions, and wage acceleration. There is presented a policy simulation that shows the effects on earned family income distribution of cutting the Massachusetts corporate profits tax and offsetting the lost revenue with a luxury goods sales tax.     

Identity-based planning of prices and quantities: Cambridge and neoclassical models for Brazil

The paper uses two extensions of standard “sources of growth” analysis to develop price-endogenous medium term planning models for Brazil. The model constructed on the basis of neoKeynesian (or Cambridge, England) assumptions is shown to describe Brazilian growth and distribution changes in the 1960s better than the alternative neoclassical model. In forecasting exercises for the 1970s, both models point to a trade-off between increased inflation and a higher labor share. The neoclassical variant suggests that potential balance of payments difficulties can be offset by opportune devaluation, but the Cambridge results are much less optimistic. Current events suggest that this pessimistic view may be closer to the mark.     

安妮·哈钦森和她的女权意识

17世纪30年代,安妮.哈钦森(Anne Hutchinson)在参加英属北美马萨诸塞殖民地清教活动中,提出了改革清教的思想主张。其宗教思想及活动表现了安妮的女权意识。虽然她对女权的要求还不系统,但却对马萨诸塞殖民地许多妇女产生了强烈吸引力,也获得了一些有影响的男性人物的同情与支持,最终动摇了马萨诸塞清教社会。她以宗教改革形式表现的女权意识,影响广泛,成为美国早期女权主义思想的起源。     

Individualization and Prevention

SUMMARY

In 1905, Massachusetts General Hospital initiated the first medical social work program in the United States. Based on the writings of its leaders, this paper presents the early history of medical social work in the United States. Inspired by developments in European health care that emphasized the community context of disease, medical social work pioneers saw a need to individualize the patient while also promoting public health measures in the community, improving the patient's environment to eliminate the causes of disease. In addition, since they served patients because of their diseases rather than their poverty, medical social workers were among the first to provide social work services to the non-poor. In spite of their emphasis on environmental change, many of early medical social work leaders had an anti-institutional bias; they were suspicious of large-scale solutions for what they saw as fundamentally individual problems. Consequently, methods for promoting individual adaptation developed more rapidly than methods for promoting environmental change. Ironically, the medicalization of social problems in contemporary times has resulted in a focus on individual pathology rather than social and lifestyle causation in health, even as the rising cost and complexity of the system challenges health care consumers in the United States. Reaffirming the environmental emphasis of medical social work pioneers provides a way for today's health care social workers to incorporate environmental modification into their practice and promote the health of all citizens.     

高等学校促进学科交叉融合的实现策略——以麻省理工学院为例

分析学科交叉融合的内涵,提出了学科交叉在促进科学进步、知识传承和人才培养方面的意义,指出了我国高校学科交叉存在的问题,进而剖析了麻省理工学院学科交叉融合的4个主要途径:大力发展人文学科,促进人文教育;多种人才培养方式,促进学科交叉融合;跨学科研究项目与组织,推动学科交叉融合;多元化平台建设引领学科交叉融合。最后结合我国高校学科交叉融合的实际,得出了4点启示:重视人文学科的发展是推动学科交叉融合的基础;将学科交叉融合的理念贯穿人才培养的重要环节;加强项目与团队建设,提升交叉研究效率;平台建设是学科交叉融合的重要依托。     

麻省理工学院的创业型大学之路及对我国的启示

麻省理工学院作为美国第一所创业型大学,在美国高等教育中发挥重要作用。它开创的将基础研究和教学与产业相结合的模式,正在成为美国乃至世界大学的榜样。麻省理工学院通过外部建设与企业、政府和军方建立合作关系以及内部的组织转型实现了向创业型大学的转变。通过回顾麻省理工学院建设创业型大学的历程,借鉴其成功经验,指出我国大学在向创业型大学转型的过程中,应主动变革、准确定位、努力争取自治权、坚持自主创新、积极参与地区经济建设、在大学内部建立专门的技术转移中心等。