A simulation study comparing performance of CONWIP and bottleneck-based release rules

Many firms seeking production economies and quicker throughput times have adopted cellular manufacturing techniques. New product introductions, increased product variety and process changes all add elements of uncertainty to the cell, and dynamic management techniques are required to achieve the benefits expected. This paper considers the problem of managing the flow of material into a manufacturing cell in order to maximize the output rate for a given level of work-inprocess inventory. The manufacturing cell is patterned after an Intel facility that assembles and tests microprocessors for the computer industry. The cell is studied under conditions in which a single bottleneck arises and those under which there are multiple bottlenecks. Alternative procedures for releasing material into the cell are evaluated in order to determine which offer the greatest advantage to managers.     

Processing in a multi-machine batch manufacturing system with sequence dependent cost

Many workcells in batch manufacturing systems are populated with multiple, nonidentical machines that perform similar tasks. Because of the size of a batch when a job arrives, it may be uneconomical to set up two or more machines to process the same job simultaneously. An economic decision has to be made as regards which machine in the cell to assign the job. Likewise, many multi-operation jobs can be processed using one of several feasible operation sequences that may lead to different total manufacturing costs. The cost differences are the result of several factors, among which are processing time and cost dependencies between operations, fixturing requirements, and material handling requirements. When the workcell machine selection decision is considered along with the operation sequencing decision, determination of the best machine in a cell and the best operation sequence for the batch is a non-trivial task. In this paper, we address the problem of selecting the best machine within a cell and the best operation sequence for a batch when operation cost is machine and sequence dependent. The problem is modeled mathematically and solved using a heuristic algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of an exact solution procedure.     

《宋人传记资料索引》订补

《宋人传记资料索引》所作曾氏小传,存在人物生卒年错误、世系、人物重出等问题。据相关史料予以订补。     

Computational complexity of algorithms for MRP and JIT production planning problems in enterprise resource planning systems

An enterprise resource planning system (ERP) is the information backbone of many manufacturing companies. At the core of ERP is a conventional material requirements planning (MRP) production planning system or a variation of MRP when just-in-time (JIT) principles are used in manufacturing. MRP and JIT both organize production planning into a hierarchy of long-, medium- and short-range problems. In all there are eight different problems. Some are common to MRP and JIT, others are specialized for a particular system. This paper analyses the computational requirements of these problems. This is important for ERP because it plans for large numbers of products (e.g. 50 000 products at 3M Company and 44 000 products at States Industries in Oregon) at large numbers of locations (e.g. 82 locations in 21 countries for Visteon Automotive Systems of Michigan and 19 locations at Boeing). We show that adequate algorithms exist for some problems, but better algorithms are needed for other problems if ERP is to provide useful production plans.     

创建“马克思主义文化战略学”及其意义

马克思经济哲学语境中的文化理论,可以成为当代中国马克思主义文化战略学建构的重要理论基础。马克思经济哲学的总框架是物质生产的“生产力一生产关系”,在此框架下有关文化的两个分框架是：“经济基础一上层建筑（意识形态）”框架和“必要劳动时间一剩余劳动时间”框架。剩余劳动（时间）所创造出的剩余产品（剩余价值、自由时间）,乃是文化发展的物质条件：创造这种物质条件的物质生产体现了“物的生产性”,而在此基础上发展起来的文化创造则体现了“人的生产性”。“生产性”与“意识形态”论,是马克思主义文化战略学的两大柱石,其中,“生产性”理论对于探讨在当代社会和产业转型中作为符号经济的文化产业与实体经济之间、文化的产业化发展与非产业化发展之间的财富配置关系及相关核心价值观等文化战略学问题,有重要理论启示意义。     

环境法双语教学探析

环境法双语教学的目标就是要培养环境法学知识和外语知识并重的专业人才。然而,环境法双语教学在教材选用、教学模式选择、课程设置方面存在的不足,使得环境法双语教学尚不具备实现这个目标的功能。为实现环境法双语教学目标,应该编写适合国内教学使用的环境法双语教学教材,建立符合中国国情的双语教学模式,适当延长课程课时,提前开课时间,并为加强环境法相关背景知识的介绍提供课程支撑。     

Extension of internationalisation models: drivers and processes for the globalisation of product development – a comparison of Danish and Chinese engineering firms

This paper develops an extension to established production- and supply chain management focused internationalisation models. It applies explorative case studies in Danish and Chinese engineering firms to discover how the globalisation process of product development differs from Danish and Chinese perspectives. The paper uses internationalisation and global product development theory to explain similarities and differences in the approaches. Grounded in case study results, a new model for internationalisation is proposed. The new model expands the internationalisation process model to include steps of product development and collaborative distributed development beyond sourcing, sales and production elements. The paper then provides propositions for how to further develop the suggested model, and how western companies can learn from the Chinese approaches, and globalise their product development activities from the front end of the value chain rather than from the back-end.     

苏轼、李清照咏物方式之比较

咏物词在宋代词坛上占有重要的一席之地,影响咏物词艺术境界的是对物我关系的观照和处理方式。本文对苏轼和李清照的咏物词作比较分析,从他们不同的观物方式以及形成这种特定方式的原因的探究来理解“体物”与“抒情”在咏物词中的重要作用。     

Vendor Performance and Alternative Manufacturing Environments*

Today, many American firms are demanding a high level of performance from their major suppliers while at the same time reducing the number of them. Vendor performance is an important aspect of maintaining low production costs and high product quality. In this study, we examine the effects of poor vendor quality and vendor lead time uncertainty in a variety of manufacturing environments using a comprehensive simulation model. The results indicate that the effect of poor vendor performance on various manufacturing firms depends on the number of stocking points and the degree of component commonality. Moreover, disruption of the manufacturing system caused by poor vendor performance can be manifested in higher levels of inventory and order backlogs. We introduce the concept of supplyside uncertainty, as it relates to component-part commonality, to demonstrate that in certain environments commonality reduces order backlogs but increases total inventories and creates an environment that is very sensitive to vendor quality problems. Finally, several conjectures are posited for future research.     

略论我国传统知识保护法律制度——兼评《非物质文化遗产法》中的几个问题

我国加入《生物多样性公约》和《保护非物质文化遗产公约》以来,做了很多履约工作,并取得了一些积极成果。2011年,我国颁布并开始实施《非物质文化遗产法》,这对加强我国的非物质文化遗产保护意义重大。但分析我国传统知识保护制度,特别是传统中医药知识保护制度,可以看出《非物质文化遗产法》中还存在一些问题,如存在潜在的法律冲突、立法理念不足以及惠益分享机制缺乏。