Leader,Protester, Enabler,Spoiler: Aid Strategies and Donor Politics in Institutional Assistance

Aid co‐ordination has come to be seen as a miracle cure for the ills of donor proliferation. However, in weak states where aid conditionality may be a catalyst for institutional change, the ideal of aid co‐ordination is conceptually suspect, and in some instances politically counterproductive. Co‐ordination is one of the two solutions to the collective‐action problem that the public good of effective institutional conditionality generates; donor leadership is the other. The desirability of each solution depends on every donor's commitment and presence, which together generate a four‐fold typology: leader, protester, enabler, and spoiler. As long as there is at least one enabler or spoiler donor present, aid co‐ordination will be less effective than donor leadership.     

Design and development of a film-based intervention about teenage men and unintended pregnancy: Applying the Medical Research Council framework in practice

Following the UK Medical Research Council's (MRC) guidelines for the development and evaluation of complex interventions, this study aimed to design, develop and optimise an educational intervention about young men and unintended teenage pregnancy based around an interactive film. The process involved identification of the relevant evidence base, development of a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of unintended teenage pregnancy in relation to young men, and exploratory mixed methods research. The result was an evidence-based, theory-informed, user-endorsed intervention designed to meet the much neglected pregnancy education needs of teenage men and intended to increase both boys’ and girls’ intentions to avoid an unplanned pregnancy during adolescence. In prioritising the development phase, this paper addresses a gap in the literature on the processes of research-informed intervention design. It illustrates the application of the MRC guidelines in practice while offering a critique and additional guidance to programme developers on the MRC prescribed processes of developing interventions. Key lessons learned were: (1) know and engage the target population and engage gatekeepers in addressing contextual complexities; (2) know the targeted behaviours and model a process of change; and (3) look beyond development to evaluation and implementation.     

成效为本教育理论对我国高等教育改革的启示倡--以英国敦提大学医学院为例

成效为本教育理论认为,教学应从学习成效出发,由此逆推整个教学过程,最终保证成效的实现。英国敦提大学医学院以该理论为基础,将教学过程分为明确社会所需、明确教育成效、确定教学大纲等十个步骤,其教学改革取得了显著成效。该校对成效为本理论的实践经验可为我国高等教育改革提供有益参考。     

美国对外经济援助的运作模式论析

美国外援活动在实践中已经形成了一套相对完整的运作模式主要包括三个方面:选择性援助;有条件援助;援助制裁。通过对美国对外经济援助运作模式的分析再次证明:美国对外经援的实质是美国外交政策的工具,为其国家利益服务。这一性质,无论是在冷战时期还是冷战结束后,都丝毫没有改变。     

吉林市名医城构建初探

随着经济体制改革的不断深入,中国的医疗服务市场逐渐成为区域经济发展的重要组成部分。吉林市打造名医城具有独特的地理优势和区位优势。吉林市名医城的核心功能将由医疗健康产业园、中医健康养生产业园和医疗旅游园区等三个功能区作为支撑。吉林市名医城的打造可由两个阶段完成:一是在现有条件下塑造和引进名医,打造重点科室;二是打造大型综合性医疗机构及配套齐全的医学园区。名医城的构建将产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益,将成为吉林市经济发展新的增长点。     

西方视野中的中国对外援助研究

伴随着中国对外援助金额和影响的扩大,西方学者开始关注中国对外援助这一议题,并在过去不到十年的时间内有了一定数量的研究成果.文章试图对迄今为止国外学者和发展研究机构的中国对外援助研究进行全面系统的梳理和回顾,分析其视角和关注要点,以为国内学者未来的研究提供借鉴.整体而言,西方学者的相关研究可以概括为三个方面的内容:对中国对外援助概况的客观介绍,对中国对外援助方式和影响的评价,以及探讨中国在国际援助体系中的作用及与传统援助国的关系和未来.     

Variance estimation in complex survey sampling for generalized linear models

Summary.  Complex survey sampling is often used to sample a fraction of a large finite population. In general, the survey is conducted so that each unit (e.g. subject) in the sample has a different probability of being selected into the sample. For generalizability of the sample to the population, both the design and the probability of being selected into the sample must be incorporated in the analysis. In this paper we focus on non-standard regression models for complex survey data. In our motivating example, which is based on data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the outcome variable is the subject's 'total health care expenditures in the year 2002'. Previous analyses of medical cost data suggest that the variance is approximately equal to the mean raised to the power of 1.5, which is a non-standard variance function. Currently, the regression parameters for this model cannot be easily estimated in standard statistical software packages. We propose a simple two-step method to obtain consistent regression parameter and variance estimates; the method proposed can be implemented within any standard sample survey package. The approach is applicable to complex sample surveys with any number of stages.     

元朝君主对医家的网罗及其影响

从成吉思汗到忽必烈， 元朝早期的几个君主都重视医药， 尤其是忽必烈， 网罗并重用了相当多的名医， 于是元朝出现了结构严密、职责清晰的太医院制度和独有的三皇庙制度。这些制度大大提高了医学和医家的地位， 也引起了坚持传统观念的汉族知识分子的不满。医官地位极高、儒与医时常斗争， 成为元朝特有的文化现象。     

租借法延期援助的政策动机及其后果

美国对华租借法延期援助的主要政策动机是帮助国民政府重建华北地区力量平衡,迫使国共双方通过谈判解决政治争端,建立一个统一的民主的国家。不料,国民政府自恃军力强大,误以为中共军队不堪一击,遂贸然挑起全国内战。租借法延期援助积聚的能量最终失控,彻底摧毁了预定的政策目标,导致杜鲁门总统对华政策彻底失败。     

Effects of a Solution-Focused Mutual Aid Group for Hispanic Children of Incarcerated Parents

Children of incarcerated parents are five to six times more likely to go to prison than their peers (Johnston, 1995). Yet, there is a lacuna in the literature that examines the effectiveness of interventions for children with an incarcerated family member. The purpose of the present study is to describe a solution-focused, mutual aid group intervention and to examine the effects of the group on the self-esteem of elementary-age Hispanic children of incarcerated parents when compared to a no-treatment comparison group. Implications for social work practice and research with this vulnerable population are addressed.