Age-based transition periods and the outcome of mental health treatment

Do people ever get too old to change? Studies of the influence of the age of adult patients on the outcome of mental health treatment have led to inconsistent results. Design characteristics of such studies have limited our understanding of the relationship between age and outcome. Over 300 male veterans undergoing brief inpatient psychiatric treatment were categorized according to their age-based, adult developmental period (Levinson, Darrow, Klein, Levinson, &; McKee, 1978). Improvement during treatment was found to be significantly related to the patient's developmental stage (r = .25, p < .01). These results were cross-validated and replicated using three different techniques for measuring improvement. Patients treated during transition periods, whether young or old, improved most. These results were not limited to wartime veterans. Apparently, adult males are more responsive to mental health treatment during transition periods than at other times.     

Childhood Abuse and Welfare Use

Policies aimed at reducing welfare use focus solely on adults, yet welfare users very often report experiences of childhood abuse. Such abuse is known to have long-term psychological effects and may set the stage for later welfare use. This study uses a random sample of poor women to determine how a history of childhood abuse relates to the probability of receiving cash and in-kind assistance over a five-year period. It also investigate whether childhood abuse correlates with the length of receipt among program users. Women experiencing both physical and sexual abuse during childhood were 16–25 percentage points more likely than others to use both cash and in-kind programs as adults. Conditional on program use, there was no relation of childhood abuse to the extent of program use during the study period.     

美国对外粮食援助政策演变及其对中国的启示

作为中国推进解决全球饥饿问题和促进粮食安全的一个路径,对外粮食援助的重要性日益增强。美国拥有世界上最庞大和最完备的国际粮援体系,总结其可供借鉴之处,具有一定的现实意义。本文在梳理美国各历史时期粮援政策背景和主要措施的基础上揭示了其经验和教训,并对中国粮援政策可能面临的争议焦点进行了辨析。研究发现,随着国内外农业和外交形势的变化,美国粮援经历了从单纯的余粮处置机制到外交政策工具,再到缓解饥饿和营养不良的粮食安全方案的演进过程;当前对美国粮援批判主要集中在国内农业利益优先和响应紧急需求效率低下,着眼于提高受援国粮食生产能力以及“一带一路”设施联通的推进有助于中国避免遭受类似的争议。最后,从框架构建、援助内容、执行主体和透明度建设等方面阐明了中国粮援的实现路径。     

制度变迁视角下的农村合作医疗

农村合作医疗经历了传统时期的辉煌、转轨时期的低效与新世纪的快速发展。制度安排和其嵌入的制度环境是否耦合、制度的供给与需求是否均衡、是否存在路径依赖等因素是导致农村合作医疗制度变迁的主要原因。为提高新型农村合作医疗制度绩效,建议适度借鉴国际成功经验的蓝本,改善外部制度环境,强化政府的制度供给责任,将强制性制度变迁与诱致性制度变迁有机结合,走出路径依赖,走向城乡统一的医疗保障制度。     

SGACA: The Rise and Paradoxical Demise of a Political‐Economy Instrument

This article discusses the Strategic Governance and Corruption Analysis (SGACA) introduced in 2007 by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a tool for political‐economy analysis of governance structures in aid‐receiving countries. It suggests an explanation of the paradox that SGACA was generally seen as a strong analytical instrument, yet was discarded within one 4‐year policy cycle. Drawing on the literature on policy innovations, it argues that there are three main causes of this demise: first, the collective‐action problems involved in getting innovations implemented in the apparatus of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; second, the fact that the policy window opened for SGACA by the mid‐2000s did not stay open throughout the implementation process; and third, the bureaucratic politics played out in the environment in which SGACA had been developed.     

速流全汤的临床应用

速流全汤用于２００ 例妊娠３３ｄ ～５６ｄ 无药流反指征的健康妇女（ 随机分两组） ，进行前瞻性研究。 Ａ 组除服息隐、米索外，加服速流全汤剂。 Ｂ 组仅服息隐加米索。结果显示， Ａ 组出血量减少，出血天数减少（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００５） ，总体疗效提高且无明显副反应，说明此药剂配伍使用值得临床推广     

商业保险公司参与新型农村合作医疗问题研究

文章运用公共管理学与保险学、投资学等相关理论，对商业保险公司参与新农合后，保险公司“盈利性”与社会保险“公共性”的矛盾，以及保险公司“赔本赚吆喝”行为的合理性作了解读。认为新农合中保险公司介入提供管理服务的行为与国际上养老社会保障私有化改革的动因是一致的，都是为了追求效率。而且，利用Markowitz的E—V（均值-方差）模型分析表明，保险公司参与新农合优化了投资组合，提高了获利机会，是理性的投资决策。     

From the Theory of Aid Effectiveness to the Practice: The European Commission's Governance Incentive Tranche

Around the turn of the millennium a growing consensus emerged on the dos and don'ts of development assistance, based on lessons drawn from failed aid. Donors now increasingly see aid as a leverage to induce or support governance reforms in recipient countries. The EC, which considers itself to be a forerunner of the new aid approach, has recently launched a new instrument to incentivise such reforms: the ‘Governance Incentive Tranche’. However, the evidence presented in this article suggests that, in design and practice, the incentive tranche is surprisingly similar to some of the unsuccessful aid modalities of the past.     

“城镇居民医保”基金盈余敏感性实证研究——以武汉市为例

目前正在全国各地进行试点的中国城镇居民基本医疗保险制度存在基金盈余过多问题．过高的基金盈余势必影响城镇居民的参保积极性。本文通过构建武汉市城镇居民基本医疗保险社会统筹基金盈余模型．测算了基金盈余的敏感性，从中找到了造成基金盈余过多的关键因素，并据此提出一些旨在缩小基金盈余的具体措施。     

斯密问题与新农合定点医疗机构服务行为探讨

斯密问题引发了学术界长达百年关于人的本性究竟是利己还是利他的激烈争论,但实际上在亚当.斯密的思想体系里,利己与利他可以实现辩证统一。新农合定点医疗机构作为一个具有公益性质和营利性质的社会组织,应在利己与利他间寻求其"经济人"与"道德人"的契合点,做"经济人"与"道德人"的有机统一体,这是重新审视斯密问题带给我们最重要的启示之一。