医用物理学教学改革的方向与尝试

医用物理学是医学院校的一门基础学科 ,在当前教学改革的大前提下 ,就其教学目的、教学观念、教学方法、教学内容以及能力培养的改革 ,进行了较为深入的探讨 ,并对其中的一些尝试进行了总结     

Inpatient psychiatric treatment of the difficult child: Common practices and their ethical implications

This article reviews and discusses the available research literature pertaining to the prevalence of seclusion and restraint procedures in inpatient psychiatric treatment facilities for children and adolescence. The rationales for use, potential effects, and factors found to influence the application of these more extreme clinical interventions are considered. The author suggests that the supposed therapeutic function of these types of practices has not been substantiated and their implementation can vary widely from one setting to another. Results from several studies suggest that clearly defined criteria for use and more observational studies of prevalence and precipitant factors could considerably refine these procedures and reduce potential abuses. The psychopharmacologic approach to the treatment of difficult children is examined as a sophisticated counteraggression strategy which has yet to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy. These clinical procedures, which are utilized in scores of inpatient settings, generate serious ethical questions for the health professional concerned with the legal rights of those minors labeled as deviant members of families or the society at large.     

Dynamics of the intergenerational transmission of welfare receipt in the United States

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this article expands upon earlier empirical efforts to understand intergenerational welfare participation in the United States. Empirical studies have suggested that growing up in a household that receives Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) increases the probability that a child will receive AFDC, although little insight exists on the dynamics of this relationship. In particular, no one has formally examined how the time a daughter spends on AFDC varies from the time her parents receive welfare. By observing the behavior of parents and their daughters for five years, this study examines the length of participation in AFDC across generations. The results imply that growing up in a household that receives AFDC increases the amount of time that a daughter will also receive aid, although the time a daughter receives AFDC is not affected by the length of time parents receive AFDC. His research interests include welfare programs, tax policies, local public finance, and econometrics.     

医学院校大学生思想政治教育有效性探索

辅导员是学生思想政治的引导者、心理健康的教育者、学习生活的关爱者。如何让思想政治教育达到切实有效的效果,让受教育者自愿接受教育,把外在的教育内容转化为自己的思想意识,指导学生的实践,成为他们的行动指南,是我们迫切需要思考和探索的问题。     

生物公民的塑造:以北京的糖尿病人为例

文章介绍了"生物公民"的理论及发展趋势,讨论了本概念对阐释北京的糖尿病人的情况的作用。生物医学的糖尿病疗法主要取决于教育病人使用一套复杂的自我监督和自我管理方法,而文章描述了这样一套全球一致的疗法如何被地方化并认同及其社会组织的基础。生物公民理论描写的认同和社会组织进程在糖尿病人的领域显然也存在,但是教育并组织糖尿病人的主要驱动力来自药物公司和病人自己,而国家扮演的角色并不重要。因此文章建议用一个相关的概念——生物社会性,作为出发点去了解诸如糖尿病的生物差异在地方性的场合如何被赋予意义,如何成为社会实践。     

医疗纠纷的法律适用

随着公民法制观念和自我保护的法律意识不断增强 ,医疗纠纷案件大量增加 ,但现行的《医疗事故处理办法》已不能适应形势的发展。本文对医疗事故的认定是由医疗事故鉴定委员会的鉴定结论为最终结论 ,实际上是让一方当事人的上级主管部门作为鉴定人来作鉴定结论 ,使人身伤害的侵权者没有得到相应的民事责任追究 ,受害人得不到应有的民事赔偿 ,这有悖于民法通则中公平、平等的原则 ,并提出相应的解决办法。文章还对医疗纠纷的法律适用和赔偿原则作有益探讨     

农民工医疗保障的困境与出路——基于北京市海淀区三个工地的实地考察

本文旨在从主体性的视角考察农民工医疗保障的困境和出路。为此,笔者从底层建筑类农民工的实际情况出发,通过对农民工、留守家人和政策管理者三类群体的访谈,不仅指出了建筑类农民工医疗保障存在的三大问题,还从政策设计和执行的角度分析了上述问题发生的制度根源,并在此基础上提出了解决农民工医疗保障问题的政策建议。要想解决建筑类农民工医疗保障问题,必须完善医疗保障政策,既要健全农民工医疗保障体系,又要强化政策落实。     

关于新医疗制度改革的研究综述

在经济发展的基础上,保证人民群众公平享有公共卫生和基本医疗服务,是实现人民共享改革发展成果的重要体现。中国医药卫生体制经过多次改革和发展,取得了很多成就,但也存在一些问题,尤其是国家的经济发展进入新阶段,原有医疗体制有很多制度与经济发展阶段不符。公民的医疗卫生保障需求日益增加,如何在新形势下解决公民的医疗问题,2009年的新医改方案就是一次重要的制度再设计。     

医疗社会工作视角下和谐医护资源网络的构建

在现行医疗体制不断改革和完善的过程中,开展医疗社会工作,重新审视医患双方的角色,以医疗社会工作者为中介,构建"医疗机构—家庭—单位—社区—慈善公益组织"五位一体的医护资源网络,缓解医患矛盾,维系医疗秩序和谐稳定,促进医患双方合作互助共同捍卫生命的价值与尊严。     

Financing rural health services in Kenya

The paper analyzes household expenditure on medical care and the willingness to contribute towards service improvements at government health facilities. The analysis is based on survey data from two rural districts in Kenya situated approximately four hundred miles apart. The main finding is that medical care expenditure rises as household income increases, but the probability of willingness to pay fees for service improvement at government clinics declines with income. Income is an important determinant of the willingness to participate in a hypothetical government insurance scheme, with the probability of participation falling as income rises. These results should be interpreted with caution because of the potential for incorrect reporting of the willingness to pay for services that have an element of a social good. The policy implications of the results are briefly discussed.