从殖民地到20世纪中叶的美国人力资源开发与政策

人力资本是经济增长的重要源泉之一,重视人力资源开发是美国成功的一个重要因素。本文通过对殖民地时期到20世纪中叶美国人力资源开发过程和政策的回顾,来说明人力资源开发对美国经济发展的重要作用。     

美国原住民的称谓之争——当今美国"美国印第安人"与"土著美国人"的争议

自从20世纪60年代以来,针对美国原住民的称谓问题,围绕着“美国印第安人”和“土著美国人”这两个词产生激烈的争议。在分析这两个词的源起以及赞成和反对使用的理由后,我们认为,用特定的印第安部落成员身份来称呼美国印第安人是最佳方式。     

美国学校休闲体育计划及其启示

从美国学校休闲体育计划的目标与价值、管理机构、活动方式以及特点等方面作了介绍,以期对我国学校休闲体育计划的发展有所启示。     

美国学界先秦道家美学思想研究

西人早在18、19世纪便接触到中国道家经典《老子》与《庄子》,但对其中美学思想之阐发则是20世纪之事。美国学者对先秦道家美学思想进行了一系列研究,主要围绕以下问题展开：道家美学与浪漫主义、道家美学中的＂与道合一＂说、＂神＂的观念、道家言意观、美学思想及其在全球化进程中之意义。其跨学科的研究方法与中西比较的视野有别于国内相关研究。     

Custom Epoch Estimation for Surveys

The paper provides a method for generating epoch estimates for time series survey data, allowing for different periods of time (or even point estimates) according to user demand. The method uses a modified kriging estimator, which suppresses the contribution of sampling error variability in order to guarantee that custom epoch estimates have an interpolation property. For the veteran population variable of the American Community Survey, we utilize a simple Brownian Motion model of the population process and derive the modified kriging estimator for this case. The tuning parameters of this population model can be calibrated to the data via simple formulas. We illustrate the application of this method to the generation of point estimates of veteran population, an important objective for Veterans Affairs.     

Trajectories of Limitations with Activities of Daily Living Among Older Adults of Mexican Descent: The Role of Widowhood

Using seven waves of data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1993–2011), this study applies multiphase growth models to examine changes in limitations with activities of daily living (ADL) across widowhood experience among 385 older adults of Mexican descent. This study also investigates the implications of demographic characteristics, health, socioeconomic status, living arrangements, and social involvement. ADL limitations increased pre-widowhood, were at higher levels immediately before and especially during the transition to widowhood, and increased at a steeper rate post-widowhood. Age and partially depressive symptoms accounted for these trends in ADL limitations pre-widowhood and to a lesser extent during the transition to widowhood and post-widowhood. Older age, being female, chronic conditions, financial strain, lower educational attainment, coresidence with children and others, and less frequent church attendance were risk factors for higher levels of and greater increases in these functional limitations throughout widowhood experience.     

What are you thinking? Acculturation as an activating event for negative evaluative beliefs among Latinos/as

Negative evaluative beliefs and other cognitive structures have been tied to psychological distress across various populations but have not been sufficiently incorporated into acculturation models. The current study examines the relationships between acculturation and various activating events and mediating sources of support related to negative evaluative beliefs among people of Mexican descent (N = 319). Overall, model variables explained 26% of the variance in negative evaluative beliefs. Acculturation, marital commitment, and social capital associated with friends were negatively related to negative evaluative beliefs. Conversely, single relationship status, marital reward value, psychosocial stressors, and bridging social capital were positively related, and likely serve as activating events for negative evaluative beliefs. Identifying mechanisms related to psychological distress as well as supportive structures may help in constructing interventions that will address the specific needs of different groups. Future research should continue to explore appraisal and associated beliefs in acculturation models to understand why acculturative experiences may become stressful.     

The business of writing: literature as a commodity in Claudia Piñeiro’s Betibú

This article presents considerations about the status of literature as a commodity and writers as professionals in the twenty-first century. These considerations are based on an analysis of Argentine writer Claudia Piñeiro’s Betibú (2011), which follows the story of an Argentine crime novel writer who becomes a ghostwriter after her latest novel receives harsh reviews for being considered commercial rather than literary. I argue that the novel in question points out misconceptions about the influence of the book industry on the aesthetic quality of literary writing, highlighting the need for literary criticism to look into everyday relations between readers, authors, and editors.     

叙述策略与历史重构——评《拉格泰姆时代》

当代美国作家多克托罗的后现代历史小说《拉格泰姆时代》,主要叙述策略是＂文本的历史性＂和＂历史的文本性＂,兼有其他后现代主义的叙事技巧。小说把虚构和事实杂糅,虚拟与历史并置,用语言结构来建构现实,不仅挑战历史话语的特权地位,也更为逼真地再现了历史真相。文本重述历史,对资本主义社会的政治、经济与文化等做了多方位的批评和嘲讽,面对当下,旨在未来,是一种成功的历史重构。     

冷战后美国的“价值观输出”

"价值观输出"始终存在于美国的对外政策之中,冷战后,美国更加重视以"美国式的自由民主价值观"来整合社会主义国家和广大发展中国家,冷战后美国的价值观的输出主要围绕着"建立美国价值观主导下的世界新秩序"的战略目标,在实现手法上表现出由温和到强硬的发展态势,美国价值观输出的实质是美国当局追求国家利益的工具,美国政府对价值观输出的高度重视有其深刻的思想根源、经济动因和政治动因.