Critical appraisal of jointness concepts in Bayesian model averaging: evidence from life sciences,sociology, and other scientific fields

Jointness is a Bayesian approach to capturing dependence among regressors in multivariate data. It addresses the general issue of whether explanatory factors for a given empirical phenomenon are complements or substitutes. I ask a number of questions about existing jointness concepts: Are the patterns revealed stable across datasets? Are results robust to prior choice and do data characteristics affect results? And importantly: What do the answers imply from a practical vista? The present study takes an applied, interdisciplinary and comparative perspective, validating jointness concepts on datasets across scientific fields with focus on life sciences (Parkinson's disease) and sociology. Simulations complement the study of real-world data. My findings suggest that results depend on which jointness concept is used: Some concepts deliver jointness patterns remarkably uniform across datasets, while all concepts are fairly robust to the choice of prior structure. This can be interpreted as critique of jointness from a practical perspective, given that the patterns revealed are at times very different and no concept emerges as overall advantageous. The composite indicators approach to combining information across jointness concepts is also explored, suggesting an avenue to facilitate the application of the concepts in future research.     

绝热气动力学方程组的整体光滑解

本文研究Lagrange坐标下绝热气动力学方程组的Cauchy问题，得到了其整体光滑解存在性的若干结果。     

Dictator game variants with probabilistic (and cost-saving) payoffs: A systematic test

Driven by methodological concerns, theoretical considerations, and previous evidence, I systematically test the validity of common dictator game variants with probabilistic payoffs. Using a unified experimental framework, I include four approaches and compare them to a standard dictator game: involving fewer receivers than dictators, paying only some players, paying only some decisions, and role uncertainty. I also relate transfers in the dictator game variants to established complementary individual difference measures of prosociality: social value orientation, personal values, a donation to charity, and the Big Five personality factor agreeableness. My data shows that the standard dictator game presents the expected correlations with the complementary measures of prosociality. Involving fewer receivers yields comparably valid results. By contrast, when only some players or decisions are paid or, particularly, when subjects face role uncertainty, the expected associations with complementary prosociality measures are distorted. Under role uncertainty, generosity is also significantly biased upward. I conclude that the validity of dictator game outcomes is highly sensitive to the applied methods. Not all dictator game variants can be recommended for the valid measurement of social preferences.     

Modeling Precheck Parallel Screening Process in the Face of Strategic Applicants with Incomplete Information and Screening Errors

In security check systems, tighter screening processes increase the security level, but also cause more congestion, which could cause longer wait times. Having to deal with more congestion in lines could also cause issues for the screeners. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Precheck Program was introduced to create fast lanes in airports with the goal of expediting passengers who the TSA does not deem to be threats. In this lane, the TSA allows passengers to enjoy fewer restrictions in order to speed up the screening time. Motivated by the TSA Precheck Program, we study parallel queueing imperfect screening systems, where the potential normal and adversary participants/applicants decide whether to apply to the Precheck Program or not. The approved participants would be assigned to a faster screening channel based on a screening policy determined by an approver, who balances the concerns of safety of the passengers and congestion of the lines. There exist three types of optimal normal applicant's application strategy, which depend on whether the marginal payoff is negative or positive, or whether the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost. An adversary applicant would not apply when the screening policy is sufficiently large or the number of utilized benefits is sufficiently small. The basic model is extended by considering (1) applicants' parameters to follow different distributions and (2) applicants to have risk levels, where the approver determines the threshold value needed to qualify for Precheck. This article integrates game theory and queueing theory to study the optimal screening policy and provides some insights to imperfect parallel queueing screening systems.     

论《三字经》蕴含的古代教育理念

《三字经》是古代蒙学教材的典范,蕴含丰富的教育理念,具有重要的文化教育价值。《三字经》是中华文化的载体,具有传承中华文化,塑造中华民族精神的价值;《三字经》重视教育,注重科学教育方法,在中国教育史上占有重要地位。     

Diophantine方程（a~n-1）（（a＋1）~n-1）=x~2有解的条件

设a是大于1的正整数;a≡λ（mod 2）,其中λ∈{0,1};又设f（a）=ord2（a-λ）表示素数2在正整数a-λ的标准分解式中的次数.该文运用初等数论方法证明了：如果方程（an-1）（（a＋1）n-1）=x2有正整数解（n,x）,则必有（i）f（a）=2r,其中r是大于1的正整数;（ii）a＋1的奇素因数p都适合p≡±1（mod 8）.     

高校“形势与政策”课程之问题及对策研究

＂形势与政策＂课作为高校学生思想政治教育的重要组成部分,在大学生思想政治教育中担负着教育大学生认清形势和任务,激发爱国主义精神,增强民族自信心和社会责任感,为大学生成长奠定基础的重要使命,具有不可替代的作用,目前大学生形势与政策教育在整体推进的过程中还存在很多问题,本文着重阐释大学生形势与政策教育教学中出现的主要问题,并提出解决方案。     

关于中国产能过剩问题的探讨

我国不少行业出现产能过剩。主要是由投资与消费、内需与外需关系失衡等四个因素引起的。扩大内需,扩大消费,调整结构是治本之策。     

后金融危机时代海峡两岸金融合作研究

海峡两岸金融合作是两岸经贸交流与合作的必要前提。相对于三十年来两岸的贸易发展,两岸金融合作滞后。后金融危机时代,两岸金融合作的实质性突破需要从理念和制度层面进行完善,包括健全总体金融环境,加强金融人才的交流与合作等。     

虚拟企业治理与知识共享的博弈分析

虚拟企业在成立虚拟企业治理委员会后,治理委员会与加盟企业之间会形成一个双方博弈,再考虑虚拟企业的客户,就会出现一个三方博弈.文章探讨这两个博弈并给出假设与求解,进而得出结论:一方面,虚拟企业治理委员会应加大加盟成员只享受不共享的惩罚力度,并承担自身失责的责任;另一方面,应提高加盟企业、客户的知识共享意识,曼有效的促使虚拟企业的经营与发展步入可持续发展的良性循环.