‘A load too heavy’: Critical reflections on the child labor problem in Africa's small-scale mining sector

This paper provides an extended analysis of the child labor problem in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector, focusing specifically on the situation in sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, the issue of child labor in ASM has garnered significant attention from the International Labor Organization (ILO), which has been particularly active in raising public awareness of the problem; and, has proceeded to implement policies and collaborative project work aimed at curtailing children's participation in ASM activities in a number of African countries. The analysis concludes with a critical appraisal of an ILO project recently launched in the Talensi–Nabdam District in the Upper East Region of Ghana, which sheds light on how the child labor problem is being tackled in practice in ASM communities in sub-Saharan Africa.     

阿中友好关系中的民间外交

本文旨在探寻中国和阿拉伯民族民间外交的古代历史源头，并进一步探讨中国和阿拉伯民间外交关系在现当代的形成与发展，主要解答以下几个问题：中国和阿拉伯历史上民间外交先驱所付出的努力是否为双方外交关系的建立起了铺路奠基的作用？民间外交工作的本质及其开展形式如何？双方民间外交的现状怎样，如何拓展民间外交在当今社会的发展空间？在建立阿中双方全面、富有成效的战略伙伴关系过程中，民间外交能发挥多大的作用？本文还对如何进一步开展阿中民间外交提出了一些建议。     

Effects of a multimodal activation program (SimA-P) in residents of nursing homes

Is it possible to maintain or even enhance functional and cognitive independence in residents of nursing homes? Little is known about the potentials and limits of therapeutic methods designed to maintain independence in elderly people already in need of residential nursing care. The aim of the “Rehabilitation in Nursing Homes” research project was to determine the practicability and effectiveness of a rehabilitative approach targeting residents of nursing homes. The main objectives of the activation program were to maintain and enhance residents’ cognitive and functional autonomy. Data on psychological, functional, and medical variables were obtained from a sample of 294 nursing home residents (age range?=?70–99 years) at three points of measurement over a 12-month period. The intervention approach draws on the theoretical and practical findings of the SimA Study (“Bedingungen der Erhaltung und Förderung von Selbstständigkeit im höheren Lebensalter,” “conditions on maintaining and supporting independent living in old age”; Oswald et al., Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:61–84, 2002, Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:13–31, 2002) and incorporates the results of recent therapeutic and rehabilitative studies in the fields of geriatrics and gerontopsychiatry. The intervention involves a combined program of cognitive and physical activation. An alternative program based on biographical information was designed specifically for residents with dementia. Results show that the intervention had significant effects on cognitive and functional parameters. Moreover, transfer effects were observed with respect to activities of daily living and frequency of falls.     

新丝绸之路与上海合作组织

阐述了古丝绸之路与新丝绸之路,指出古丝绸之路带给后人的重要启示,一方面表明了人类不同文明是可以和睦相处的,文明冲突是可以避免的;另一方面,说明各国经济上的互通有无,取长补短,互利共赢是可以实现的。新丝绸之路与和谐世界使人类能够登高远望,把世界的和平、发展和繁荣结合起来,中国上海合作组织提出"互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明,谋求共同发展"的理念和规则,也正是它的独特之处和力量源泉。中亚地区应遵循这一规则,避免恶性竞争和地区局势混乱,使古老的丝绸之路重放异彩,造福欧亚各国人民。     

Does 'hardiness' predict adaptation to shiftwork?

This longitudinal study examined whether the dimensions of hardiness (commitment, control and challenge) predicted psychological symptoms and dissatisfaction with shiftwork, and whether or not the relationships identified were confounded with neuroticism and extraversion. Female nurses were studied during their first 15 months of shiftwork. Thirty-six nurses worked on a 2-shift (day and evening) schedule throughout and 66 transferred from the 2-shift schedule to a 3-shift (day, evening and night) schedule after 6 months. Hardiness, neuroticism, extraversion and symptoms were measured before the respondents began shiftwork (Stage 1). Symptoms and dissatisfaction were measured after 6 months (Stage 2) and 15 months (Stage 3). Multiple regressions indicated that the hardiness dimensions did not predict dissatisfaction at Stages 2 or 3, or symptoms at Stage 3. They also failed to buffer the effect of night-work on symptoms. However, commitment did predict symptoms at Stages 1 and 2 and challenge predicted symptoms at Stage 2. Although these effects were confounded with neuroticism, commitment showed weak evidence of independent prediction. In general, hardiness was a very poor predictor of shiftwork tolerance.     

美国与北约东扩

北约是美国主导的西方最主要的政治军事组织.冷战结束后,北约非但没有消失,而且不断对其战略、结构和任务进行调整.不仅如此,为了实现其长远的战略目标,北约先后两次进行东扩.在这个过程中,美国始终扮演着极其重要的角色.北约东扩不但使自身的势力范围得以扩大,同时也使美国的势力获得极大拓展,这为美国实现其全球战略提供了重要条件.     

发展农村合作经济组织加快新农村新牧区建设进程——通辽市农村牧区专业合作经济组织发展状况的调查与思考

农民专业合作经济组织，是新时期农民群众在实践中的创造和选择，具有较强的民办性、专业性、合作性、经济性，符合农村市场经济的要求，较好地解决了千家万户小生产与千变万化大市场的对接问题，受到广大农民群众欢迎和拥护。本文结合通辽市发展农村牧区专业合作经济组织的实践，分析了通辽市农村牧区专业合作经济组织发展现状及存在的问题，并提出了解决的对策，包括指导思想、促进措施、政策支持方式等，对今后发展农牧民专业合作组织具有借鉴作用。     

重商主义时代英国企业组织制度的演变

重商主义时代是现代企业组织起源的关键时期,英国在从封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的过程中,生产和交换的组织形式不断变革,在复杂的历史形态中逐渐走向成熟,特别是股份公司的"法人革命",奠定了现代企业制度的基础。     

全球治理:适应全球化的新的合作模式

治理与全球治理理论是一种新的国际关系理论和分析框架,蕴涵于其中的全球合作模式深刻地反映了全球化进程中所出现的国际合作的新特征和新问题。治理合作提倡一种包括非政府组织、全球性国际组织和各国政府等多种国际关系行为体在内的全球合作模式,其要点是:将合作的主体由制度合作中的政府扩大到非政府;以全球共同利益为合作的新动力;强调合作是正式制度与非正式制度合作的统一,是长期协调与对话的互动过程。总之,治理合作既是对制度合作的继承,又是对制度合作的创新,将对全球合作的进一步发展提供有益的启示。     

发展中的产业组织理论述评

作者从理论发展的角度探讨了西方产业组织理论的演化和发展过程，对20世纪80年代以来产业组织理论的新发展作了较为全面的述评。作者试图通过对各个时期不同学派理论观点和政策主张进行归纳和比较，揭示它们之间存在的各种联系和差异，并重点介绍了产业组织理论的最新发展态势，以便于应用它来为我国当前的社会主义市场经济建设服务。