奥林匹克与宗教文化

奥林匹克运动可以追溯到古希腊奥运会。位于希腊首都雅典西南的奥林匹亚 ,就是古希腊奥林匹克运动会的会址 ,今天奥林匹克“圣火”就从那里熊熊燃起。奥林匹克运动是由古希腊对神的奥林匹克祭祀性体育竞技赛会演变而来的。古希腊人相信 ,举行奥林匹克竞技赛会 ,就会得到神的庇佑。这一祭祀性体育竞技赛会 ,后来逐渐演变为 4年一届的古希腊奥林匹克竞技会 ,即古希腊奥运会。现代奥林匹克运动的创始人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦将古希腊奥林匹克精神作为现代奥林匹克运动的宗旨 ,并且以“奥林匹克运动会”作为现代国际性的体育盛会的名称。2 0 0 8年在北京举办的第 2 9届奥运会正是展示中国宗教信仰自由政策的良好契机。     

现代奥林匹克运动与经济结合的再认识

现代奥林匹克运动与经济的结合是一把双刃剑。两者既有相互促进的“互动关系”,又有一种产生负面影响的“畸形关系”。奥林匹克运动在促进经济发展时具有其独特性,对奥林匹克运动与经济的发展趋势进行了预测。     

The Social Impacts of Electronic Mail in Organizations: A case study of electronic power games using communication genres

This paper investigates the effects of the introduction of electronic mail on organizational structure and power. It provides empirical support to the view that technology, organizational context, and individual actors interact to shape the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and their effect on organizations. Through an analysis of power games reflected in the progressive constitution of electronic mail genres, it illustrates in particular how the specific organizational configurations in which technology is deployed deeply influence its ultimate use. Far from transforming an organization, it appears that the introduction of electronic communication tools may in certain circumstances help reinforce an organization's preexisting structure.     

现代奥运礼仪的社会功能分析

现代奥运礼仪是奥运会活动所采用的礼节和仪式的总称,是人们在参与现代奥运活动过程中所遵循的一整套表现尊重、教育和审美意义的行为准则和规范。现代奥运礼仪因具有维系、调节、教育、传播、展示等多种功能,因此在推动奥林匹克运动发展上作出了不可磨灭的贡献。     

奥林匹克运动与奥林匹克精神的形成

奥林匹克运动是人类发展史上的一项重要竞技体育运动 ,在此过程中形成的奥林匹克精神 ,是世界人民宝贵的文化精神财富 ,是激励世界人民不断奋斗、进取、探索的动力。     

DEA game cross-efficiency approach to Olympic rankings

A number of studies have used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the performance of the countries in Olympic games. While competition exists among the countries in Olympic games/rankings, all these DEA studies do not model competition among peer decision making units (DMUs) or countries. These DEA studies find a set of weights/multipliers that keep the efficiency scores of all DMUs at or below unity. Although cross efficiency goes a further step by providing an efficiency measure in terms of the best multiplier bundle for the unit and all the other DMUs, it is not always unique. This paper presents a new and modified DEA game cross-efficiency model where each DMU is viewed as a competitor via non-cooperative game. For each competing DMU, a multiplier bundle is determined that optimizes the efficiency score for that DMU, with the additional constraint that the resulting score should be at or above that DMU 's estimated best performance. The problem, of course, arises that we will not know this best performance score for the DMU under evaluation until the best performances of all other DMUs are known. To combat this “chicken and egg” phenomenon, an iterative approach leading to the Nash equilibrium is presented. The current paper provides a modified variable returns to scale (VRS) model that yields non-negative cross-efficiency scores. The approach is applied to the last six Summer Olympic Games. Our results may indicate that our game cross-efficiency model implicitly incorporates the relative importance of gold, silver and bronze medals without the need for specifying the exact assurance regions.     

以奥运会为契机,提升首都公共文明——日本公共文明建设的成功经验

本文通过对日本政府借1964年东京奥运会之机,狠抓市民文明素质、提升民族自信心的分析与探讨,为北京市举办2008年奥运会提供借鉴,并提出北京应以奥运为教育契机,加大公共文明宣传力度,提高国民的文明素质。     

体育艺术设计与策划研究

体育艺术设计是一系列艺术设计活动的总称。体育艺术设计既要有宏观全面的整体设计、策划,还要有局部具体的个别项目的设计、策划。     

‘I’m not an activist’: an exploratory investigation into retired British Paralympic athletes’ views on the relationship between the Paralympic games and disability equality in the United Kingdom

One claim of the UK Government’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport is that the London 2012 Paralympic Games ‘improved attitudes to disability and provided new opportunities for disabled people to participate in society’. In addition, the International Paralympic Committee’s strategic plan suggests that the Paralympic Games is a vehicle for achieving ‘a more equitable society’. The aim of this study was to examine the reflections of a group of retired British Paralympic athletes on the relationship between the Paralympic Games and disability equality in the United Kingdom. Narrative interviews were conducted with five male retired British Paralympians and one female retired British Paralympian who had participated in a total of 22 Summer Paralympic Games events. I will argue that some Paralympic athletes who are not obvious ‘activists’ can still contribute to equality for disabled people.     

Elite athletes or superstars? Media representation of para-athletes at the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games

This article offers a discourse analysis of media representations of para-athletes before, during and post the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games in print and online sources, drawing on the lens of critical disability theory. We consider the importance of the media–sport cultural complex in influencing public attitudes towards disability. We conclude that whilst the importance of discursive change cannot be underestimated at the level of the media agenda, change at the level of lived experience will only flow from carefully designed and executed political and policy initiatives rather than directly from changes in the media presentation or visibility of individual athletes.