Multilevel public goods game: Levelling up,substitution and crowding-in effects

In an online multilevel public goods experiment, we implement four treatments where we gradually increase the marginal per capita return of the global public good. First, we find evidence of an increase in the contribution to the global good (levelling-up effect). Secondly, subjects fund their higher contribution to the global good by reducing their contribution to the local good (substitution effect) rather than by increasing total contribution, i.e., the sum of their contributions to the local and the global good (marginal crowding-in effect). Moreover, we observe that total contribution increases as a consequence of the mere introduction of the global good (categorical crowding-in effect). Finally, we observe that subjects continue to contribute to both public goods even when they are dominated in terms of costs and returns.     

强制型顾客参与对感知共同创造与在线服务补救满意的影响研究

本文基于损失厌恶解释了不同类型的强制型顾客参与对感知共同创造及在线服务补救满意的影响,同时探讨了在线服务提供商道歉表达方式对强制型顾客参与有效性的影响。研究表明,顾客的实体参与和心智参与有助于增强感知共同创造,从而提高在线服务补救满意,相比实体参与,心智参与对感知共同创造的积极影响更强,而情感参与没有影响。此外,相比运用直接的道歉语言,当在线服务商使用间接表达方式即表情符号来表达歉意时,顾客参与对感知共同创造的积极影响更强,从而在线服务补救满意更高。