Ordering results for series and parallel systems comprising heterogeneous exponentiated Weibull components

In this paper, we discuss the usual stochastic and reversed hazard rate orders between the series and parallel systems from two sets of independent heterogeneous exponentiated Weibull components. We also obtain the results concerning the convex transform orders between parallel systems and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions under which the dispersive and usual stochastic orders, and the right spread and increasing convex orders between the lifetimes of the two systems are equivalent. Finally, in the multiple-outlier exponentiated Weibull models, based on weak majorization and p-larger orders between the vectors of scale and shape parameters, some characterization results for comparing the lifetimes of parallel and series systems are also established, respectively. The results of this paper can be used in practical situations to find various bounds for the important aging characteristics of these systems.     

Prediction of future failures times based on Type-I hybrid censored samples of random sample sizes

In this article, we consider the prediction of future failure times based on Type-I hybrid censored samples. Point predictors and prediction intervals using different procedures are discussed for a general model. The exponential and Rayleigh distributions are used as illustrative examples to show the most simplified forms of the so obtained predictors as well as prediction intervals. Intensive simulation study and a real life dataset are presented to illustrate our findings and results.     

和平对我们意味着什么？

从普世的层面来说,和平指的是人类作为一个共同体之内部的和谐相处关系状态。在比较具体的层面,可以将和平放置在中国历史、传统、文化,以及现实处境的场域中来做充分注意文化差异性的思考。和平是一种宁静的状态,是一切公共关系、秩序的最高原则。真正、持久的和平必须建立在一种珍视和平价值的文化基础上。人类必须建设一种浓郁的和平文化,使之成为比竞争文化更为基础性的自觉。世界和平是世界人民的诉求,必须由世界人民通过对话、交流、融合建设起来。和平是所有人类的根本需求,是最值得珍视的人类社会状态,保持和平,需要建设和平的文化,也需要国际秩序保障机制的改革建设。     

试析哈萨克族学生汉语否定结构的习得顺序?

在分析汉语否定结构的有关特点及回顾第二语言学习者学习汉语否定结构的研究成果后,以哈萨克族学生学习汉语否定结构时可能遇到的困难为基础,选取不同类型的常用词类和结构设计了调查问卷。通过统计不同水平的学生掌握汉语否定结构的准确度,解释了他们对这一结构的习得顺序。文章认为,哈萨克族学生对汉语否定结构的习得顺序,不但与否定结构的复杂程度有关,而且也与哈萨克语和汉语否定结构上的差异有关。     

独具西域地方特色的伊斯兰教苏非派 --穆罕默德·谢里甫及其乌瓦伊西耶教团

穆罕默德·谢里甫是我国天山南路叶尔羌汗朝时期伊斯兰教苏非派著名人物.文章通过对其生平及所创乌瓦伊西耶教团的研究,论述了苏非主义在西域传播发展中形成的地方特色,说明了穆罕默德*谢里甫及其教团在社会政治生活中所起历史作用和在学术文化方面的贡献.     

英租威海卫时期中国法律及习惯的法源考察

《1901年枢密院威海卫法令》第九、十九条规定民事案件可以依照中国的法律和习惯来处理,中国的法律和习惯适用于诉讼双方都是中国人的民事案件,明确地表明英租威海卫确实存在着二元化的法律体系;中国法律及习惯的范围包括《大清律例》、习惯和习惯法、情理等,形成了一种多元化的法律传统。     

从噪声产生有序的原理：非指导性的学习和做梦

文章从两个方面阐述了生物的自组织亦即其复杂性的问题：一、生物后天行为的性状不是机械地由遗传基因决定的,而是由基因组与细胞内理化环境（包括被基因决定产生的蛋白质）之间的相互作用所形成的调节机制决定的;二、生物的自组织和复杂化是通过生物在充满随机作用的环境中自主地摸索自身行为可以遵循的概率性规律、从而减少自身结构中的冗余性以增加异质性而实现的。     

Order statistics from trivariate normal and -distributions in terms of generalized skew-normal and skew- distributions

We consider here a generalization of the skew-normal distribution, GSN(λ₁,λ₂,ρ), defined through a standard bivariate normal distribution with correlation ρ, which is a special case of the unified multivariate skew-normal distribution studied recently by Arellano-Valle and Azzalini [2006. On the unification of families of skew-normal distributions. Scand. J. Statist. 33, 561–574]. We then present some simple and useful properties of this distribution and also derive its moment generating function in an explicit form. Next, we show that distributions of order statistics from the trivariate normal distribution are mixtures of these generalized skew-normal distributions; thence, using the established properties of the generalized skew-normal distribution, we derive the moment generating functions of order statistics, and also present expressions for means and variances of these order statistics.Next, we introduce a generalized skew-t_ν distribution, which is a special case of the unified multivariate skew-elliptical distribution presented by Arellano-Valle and Azzalini [2006. On the unification of families of skew-normal distributions. Scand. J. Statist. 33, 561–574] and is in fact a three-parameter generalization of Azzalini and Capitanio's [2003. Distributions generated by perturbation of symmetry with emphasis on a multivariate skew t distribution. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 65, 367–389] univariate skew-t_ν form. We then use the relationship between the generalized skew-normal and skew-t_ν distributions to discuss some properties of generalized skew-t_ν as well as distributions of order statistics from bivariate and trivariate t_ν distributions. We show that these distributions of order statistics are indeed mixtures of generalized skew-t_ν distributions, and then use this property to derive explicit expressions for means and variances of these order statistics.     

Theory and methods for partitioned Gini coefficients computed on post-stratified data

The Gini coefficient is used to measure inequality in populations. However, shifts in the population distribution may affect subgroups differently. Consequently, it can be informative to examine inequality separately for these segments. Consider an independently and identically distributed sample split based on ranking and compute the Gini coefficient for each partition. These coefficients, calculated from post-stratified data, are not functions of U-statistics. Therefore, previous theoretical and methodological results cannot be applied. In this article, the asymptotic joint distribution is derived for the partitioned coefficients and bootstrap methods for inference are developed. Finally, an application to per capita income across census tracts is examined.