我们距两性和谐还有多远?——女性小说文本中的两性关系问题

两性关系是人类社会各种人与人关系中最基本的关系。几千年以前人与人关系的大变局即由伙伴关系到统治关系,就是从两性关系的变化开始的。这种变化可以说是全局性的和结构性的。封建社会丈夫对妻子的绝对权力发展为制度性的一夫多妻制这样一个两性关系的结构性毒瘤,极大地恶化与毒化着家庭亲情关系,也影响到全社会人际关系的和谐。一夫多妻制这个两性关系毒瘤的顽强生命力,表现为由传统向现代转型期一些男性的心理结构积淀"妻妾情结",也表现为近现代社会父权夫权政权对人的身体的支配、控制、占有,以及婚姻生活中对男人和女人的双重道德标准。新旧世纪之交以来,在全球化与商业化语境中,又出现了以否定女性人格尊严为前提的权力、金钱、性的交换关系,实际上是一种新的跨国的不平等的以女性身体物化为特征的两性关系。鉴此,通向两性和谐乃至社会和谐之路,在于每一个女人与男人的主体性人格的成长,在于对自我人格独立与尊严的守护。     

权利的防御权能与公权主体的消极义务

权利的防御权能,是指权利主体应享有的一种要求其他人承担不得侵害其权利的不作为义务的能力。在一个真正实行宪政和法治的国家,权利的防御权能应主要是针对国家机关的。从权利的防御权能充分化的角度,可对国家立法机关、行政机关和司法机关应承担的相应消极义务,进行系统的条理化分析。     

Optimal use of historical information

When historical data are available, incorporating them in an optimal way into the current data analysis can improve the quality of statistical inference. In Bayesian analysis, one can achieve this by using quality-adjusted priors of Zellner, or using power priors of Ibrahim and coauthors. These rules are constructed by raising the prior and/or the sample likelihood to some exponent values, which act as measures of compatibility of their quality or proximity of historical data to current data. This paper presents a general, optimum procedure that unifies these rules and is derived by minimizing a Kullback–Leibler divergence under a divergence constraint. We show that the exponent values are directly related to the divergence constraint set by the user and investigate the effect of this choice theoretically and also through sensitivity analysis. We show that this approach yields ‘100% efficient’ information processing rules in the sense of Zellner. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of historical and current sample sizes on the optimum rule. Finally, we illustrate these methods by applying them on real data sets.     

渠道权力理论与国外品牌服装在我国的营销渠道

本文利用渠道权力理论研究了国外品牌服装在我国营销渠道中零售商和供应商的关系。运用结构方程模型分析了供应商拥有的权力、零售商所感受到的供应商的影响力、二者在合作中的冲突、零售商对供应商的态度以及满意程度这几个因素之间的关系。结果表明,供应商拥有的法律权力是影响零售商的主要原因;供应商具有的专家权力和相关权力正面影响零售商对自己的态度;零售商感觉来自供应商的权力越大,则其与供应商发生冲突的可能性越大;零售商对供应商的态度会影响供应商对其的满意程度,消极的态度会引发冲突。另外,本文发现渠道成员对权力的感受以及其产生的影响与渠道所处的人文、社会和商业背景密切相关。     

A Practitioner's Review And Comments

No abstract available for this article.     

战略管理中的“现代”与“后现代”

本文在总结现代战略管理理论的基础上介绍了近年来在西方崭露头角的战略管理领域中的后现代思想,在这种总结和介绍中我们可以看到战略的后现代观点与现代的批判观点以及战略的正统派学说之间的关系,从而可以在一个更具反思性和批判性的层面上理解战略管理,为进一步的理论建树提供基础.     

“海洋强国”背景下涉海ESP课程教学现状调查及对策研究——以广东海洋大学为例

通过分析“海洋强国”战略实施途径，提出发展涉海高等教育、培养涉海外语人才应成为“海洋强国”战略的重要组成部分。基于涉海ESP课程特点以及对广东海洋大学60名学习“海洋科技英语”课程的学生进行问卷调查，从学习动机、学习方式、课程评价、学习成效四方面分析了涉海ESP课程教学现状，进而在教学目标、教学形式、教学评价、校外实践四方面提出了保障涉海ESP课程教学成效的有效策略。     

The dysfunctions of power in teams: A review and emergent conflict perspective

We review the new and growing body of work on power in teams and use this review to develop an emergent theory of how power impacts team outcomes. Our paper offers three primary contributions. First, our review highlights potentially incorrect assumptions that have arisen around the topic of power in teams and documents the areas and findings that appear most robust in explaining the effects of power on teams. Second, we contrast the findings of this review with what is known about the effects of power on individuals and highlight the directionally oppositional effects of power that emerge across different levels of analysis. Third, we integrate findings across levels of analysis into an emergent theory which explains why and when the benefits of power for individuals may paradoxically explain the potentially negative effects of power on team outcomes. We elaborate on how individual social comparisons within teams where at least one member has power increase intra-team power sensitivity, which we define as a state in which team members are excessively perceptive of, affected by, and responsive to resources. We theorize that when power-sensitized teams experience resource threats (either stemming from external threats or personal threats within the team), these threats will ignite internal power sensitivities and set into play performance-detracting intra-team power struggles. This conflict account of power in teams integrates and organizes past findings in this area to explain why and when power negatively affects team-level outcomes, and opens the door for future research to better understand why and when power may benefit team outcomes when power’s dark side for teams is removed.     

A State‐centred Explanation of the Finance‐Pension Nexus: New Zealand's Pension Reforms as a Typical Case

This study analyses the decision‐making processes that led to the introduction of the New Zealand Superannuation Fund (a public pension reserve and investment fund), as well as the KiwiSaver Scheme, which is New Zealand's first soft‐compulsory private pension scheme. Why and how are governments engaged in the development of funded pensions? These are the questions this study addresses. In analyzing the finance‐pension nexus in New Zealand, this article adopts a state‐centric approach. It argues that pension funding reforms are shaped by state officials who pursue their own motives because policymakers frame funded pensions as an instrument for achieving broader fiscal, economic and financial policy outcomes. Because New Zealand is a typical case of a state‐centric explanation, a study of its pension funding reforms helps in finding causal links between finance and pensions.     

多重视角下的最大化双边特征法及其加权形式

在国际经济比较中,可加性和特征性是购买力平价汇总方法应该具备的重要性质。针对新近发展的、基于双边指数所构建的兼具可加性与特征性的多边比较方法———MBC法,本文对其进行了拓展研究,发展出更为完备的MBC法:一方面,鉴于原始极值最优视角下的MBC法主要考虑的是存在较多“奇异”型价格结构的国家双边比较的特征性,为弥补该视角下的MBC法难以实现整体最优的不足,本文从最小二乘和对数最小二乘的视角分别构建MBC法;另一方面,进一步在MBC法中考虑不同双边比较的可靠性差异问题,分别构建多重视角下的加权MBC法,并引入多种权重函数供应用者参考。采用 ICP2011数据的实证研究结果充分说明,多重视角下的MBC法较好地整合了官方GEKS法的特征性优点和 GK法的可加性优点,相比已有满足可加性的方法,MBC法替代偏差最小,是较理想的既适合于实际物量比较、又可用作支出结构分析的方法。实证研究还发现,最小二乘和对数最小二乘视角下的加权MBC法稳健性较好的优点。