The nature, extent and determinants of violence against psychiatric personnel

Violence against psychiatric staff seems to be on the increase. Such abuse can lead to mental health consequences for the staff and a reluctance to be closely involved with patients. Few Swedish investigations have examined violence against mental nurses and psychiatrists, or undertaken comparative studies between them. In this study we examined the extent, nature and determinants (i.e. risk factors) of violence against psychiatric nurses (n = 731) and psychiatrists (n = 320) working in the eight health care districts of Stockholm. These caregivers were assessed cross-sectionally by means of a questionnaire covering various areas (e.g. violence and work environment). The majority of the participants (85%) reported having been exposed to violence during their careers, with 57% being victimized in the past 12 months. Physical violence was common, and factors such as negative attitudes to work and diminished sense of autonomy were associated with an increased vulnerability to violence. Nurses and psychiatrists did not differ in violence variables. In spite of the weaknesses of the design (cross-sectional self-selecting sample), this study corroborates previous findings and identifies personal factors associated with violence that have received little attention in the literature (e.g. lack of respect for the organization of care).     

大学生心理健康状况分析及解决方法

对大学生心理健康问题的讨论正在不断升温,大学生心理健康受到了各界人士的高度重视。作者从大学生的学业、人际交往和就业三个方面具体阐述了在大学生中存在的心理健康问题,并从加强人生观教育,加强自我认识,开设心理健康教育,建立心理咨询体系,提高心理健康教育人员素质,建立社会、家庭和学校一体的教育环境六个方面提出了解决方法。高等学校应把心理健康教育作为大学生思想教育的重要内容,要充分体现"以人为本"的思想,要以"八荣八耻"和科学发展观的理论来指导大学生的心理成长。虽然此项任务繁重,但是通过共同努力,一定会培养出学业优异、身心健康的和德智体全面发展的社会主义接班人。     

大学生弱势群体的心理问题探讨

随着高等教育的不断发展,大学生中的弱势群体问题也日渐突出出来,如何应对他们存在的心理问题,已引起高校思想政治工作者的普遍重视,认真分析问题产生的原因,积极探寻解决问题的有效途径和方法,努力提高学生的心理素质,减少弱势群体的存在,帮助他们走出心理困境,身心健康发展,成为社会所需的合格人才。     

美国在巴以和平进程中的角色调整

伊拉克战后的安全问题令布什政府的外交政策备受国内外批评,使得后布什时代的美国政府将解决巴以问题作为突破口,一改往日对巴以问题的冷漠态度,转而主动推动巴以和平进程,采用多重"遏制战略"和"平衡战略"以实现自身角色的调整。然而,由于巴以问题的复杂性和美国全球霸权结构的利己性,布什政府的角色调整对于巴以和平进程具有双重绩效。     

心理暗示是人力资源管理的新途径

人们在物质需求得到满足之后，就开始追求精神上的满足。现代社会人力资源管理的核心在很大程度上是满足心理需求，也可以说现代社会人力资源管理的核心是心理管理，而心理管理的有效法门是心理暗示管理。     

递阶双因素模型估计信用组合一致性风险

当信用组合内资产个数较少时，基于Gordy提出的粒度调节方法计算的组合风险量度VaR将严重被低估，从而高估一致性风险量度预期短缺ES。本文利用Taylor展开式改进粒度调节方法，提高估计ES的准确性；并且假设行业因素是宏观经济因素的线性函数，由此保证了组合不变性的条件，从而扩展单因素模型为递阶双因素模型，提高相关性估计准确性，解决了单因素模型高估经济资本的问题。模拟结果显示递阶双因素模型的优越性，特别是组合内资产规模较小时，改进的效果更明显。     

美国中东政策调整与中、美、阿关系互动

迫于国际形势和国内外舆论压力，布什政府从2007年开始调整中东政策，把遏制伊朗作为政策重点。为此，美国重新扮演了巴以和平调解人的角色，主动缓和与阿拉伯国家关系。美阿关系的发展对正在积极参与中东事务的中国具有重要意义。未来中东仍是美国对外战略关注的重点，“美国因素”在中阿关系中会更加频繁，三者互动将更为密切。中国对中东问题的积极立场及对中东事务的主动参与，对于推动中、美、阿关系的良性互动将产生深远影响。     

心理期望：政治认同生成的内隐机制

政治认同是公民对国家政治诸要素所产生的一种心理上的归属感。心理期望作为政治认同的内隐机制,从需要因素看,可分为自发性政治认同需要和引致性政治认同需要。而对需要的满足,则取决于主体的自我政治期望和社会政治期望的契合程度及运行路向。现实问题往往因对期望的认知错位而产生各异的政治认同距离进而给个体和政府等带来心理压力。如何把这种压力保持在一定的安全阈值范围内而使政府和个人在期望心理供求方面处于大体均衡,成为优化政治认同效果的现实选择。     

Nurse safety: How is safety climate related to affect and attitude?

Occupational accidents and injuries continue to be a critical concern for nurses, given the hazardous healthcare environment. This study advances the research on workplace safety by studying the process variables (i.e. job-related negative affect (JRNA) and job satisfaction) in explaining the relationship between safety climate and various safety criteria in nurses. Based on survey data from 326 nurses, our findings suggest that psychological safety climate is negatively related to JRNA, turnover intentions, safety workarounds, and workplace hazards. In addition, structural equation modelling indicated general support for a model in which psychological safety climate influences employee strain through job attitudes, including JRNA and job satisfaction. More specifically, job attitudes were found to mediate the relationship between psychological safety climate and turnover intentions, experience of hazards, and injuries. Safety workarounds did not significantly relate to injuries. The present study contributes to the ongoing improvement of interventions aimed at mitigating nurses’ injuries by integrating job attitudes into the safety climate–safety outcome framework.     

政府采购合同的法律调整

政府采购合同是市场经济条件下政府取得物质基础 ,实现管理经济生活职能的基本法律形式。它与一定的市场主体 ,国家和社会有着密切的联系 ,有民事合同的平等要求 ,更有它自身的主体特殊性、目的公共性、资金财政性等特点。因此被规范于经济法体系中。但因其公、私法交织的特性 ,所及法律关系必然接受合同法、政府采购法等法律规范的共同调整。