‘What about the couple?’ Interracial marriage and psychological distress

We explore the association between racial composition of couples—that is, whether they are interracial or homogamous—and the psychological distress of their members, as measured in a screening scale for non-specific psychological distress. We use a pooled 1997–2001 National Health Interview Survey sample of the married and cohabiting population of the United States. We compare the odds of distress for interracial vs. same race married/cohabiting adults. There are several key findings. Interracial marriage is associated with increases in severe distress for Native American men, white women, and for Hispanic men and women married to non-white spouses, compared to endogamous members of the same groups. Higher rates of distress are observed for intermarried persons with African American or Native American husbands or wives, and for women with Hispanic husbands. Lower socioeconomic status explains approximately half of the increased distress experienced by white women, while higher socioeconomic status partially suppresses increases in distress for Hispanic men and women.     

关于农业结构调整市场化的思考

90年代后期以来,我国农产品实现了由长期短缺到总量基本平衡,丰年有余的战略性转变,农业发展从过去主要受资源约束转向受资源、市场双重约束,并以市场约束为主,为此,农业和农村经济结构必须进行战略性调整。     

现代心理战对高校国防教育工作的思考

信息时代的心理战样式多样,其辐射面不仅仅是军队的官兵而且触及到整个社会,这就要求高校的国防教育工作者在国防教育中充分认识心理战教育的重要性,通过教育旨在增强大学生的心理承受能力;加强大学生的理想信念教育和英雄主义教育,增强大学生的精神支柱;抓住军事变革的机遇,加快心理战教育队伍的建设,为我国的国防建设服务。     

青年农民工心理症状及影响因素:未婚与已婚的比较

本研究采用社交回避及苦恼量表、社会支持量表和症状自测量表对407名农民工进行测量,探讨农民工心理症状及影响因素,并比较未婚与已婚的差异。结果发现:(1)农民工心理症状整体上处于严重状态,社交回避及苦恼较为常见,社会支持处于一般水平,未婚组与已婚组有显著差异;(2)农民工社交回避及苦恼与心理症状呈显著正相关,社会支持与心理症状、社交回避及苦恼之间都呈显著负相关,未婚与已婚组的相关系数有较大差异;(3)未婚农民工的社交苦恼直接预测心理症状,已婚农民工的社交回避与社交苦恼都直接预测心理症状,主观支持和支持利用度对已婚者保护心理健康更有作用。     

论当代大都市文化建设的文化哲学基础

大都市的文化建设分为四个大的"文化域",即物质文化、制度文化、精神文化和信息文化。大都市物质文化的重心是物质多样性和物质流动及其载体的运作效率。大都市制度建设有重要意义,信用制度有奠基性,契约论的当代作用和社会保障系统对大都市现代化文明有标志性,中国大都市制度建设在文化理念和文化精神的起步上是不可或缺的。在大都市建设中,应该注意城市经济符号化和体验化的发展趋势,物质文化与信息文化在城市的当前存在中的相互涵化、转变和一体同构的趋势,以及当代大都市大系统危机的紧迫性。大都市精神文化分为形象、知识、美感和娱乐等方面。     

1956年初中共对知识分子政策的调整

在社会主义改造基本完成的同时,1956年初中共召开知识分子工作会议,对建国以来的知识分子政策作出了重大调整,以求调动一切积极因素,投入即将开始的大规模经济建设。但是,对于如何看待知识分子的阶级属性这个根本问题,党内仍然存在不同认识,特别是在调查和调整中没有提出并解决知识分子最为关注的两个问题：消除以往政治运动造成的不良后果,为学术研究提供一个自由宽松的环境。其结果,既给这次政策调整,也在知识分子心中留下了遗憾。     

Bad news indeed for Ryff’s six-factor model of well-being

Springer and Hauser (An Assessment of the Construct Validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being: Method, Mode, and Measurement Effects. 2006. Social Science Research 35) tested one key aspect of the validity of Ryff’s six-factor model of psychological well-being (RPWB), namely, whether there is substantial independent variation among the six factors. In several large and heterogeneous samples, under a variety of model specifications, and using various sets of RPWB items, we found very high factor correlations among the dimensions of well-being, especially personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and environmental mastery. That is, the six-factor model makes theoretical claims that do not yield large or consistent empirical distinctions when standard measures and instrumentation are used. Where Ryff and Singer’s comment (Best News Yet on the Six-Factor Model of Well-Being. 2006. Social Science Research 35) refers directly to that analysis, their methodological discussion is most often irrelevant or incorrect. Their text largely ignores and fails to challenge our strong empirical findings about the factorial structure of well-being. In this response, we reinforce these findings and their implications for the (in)validity of the six-factor well-being model as implemented by Ryff. We also explain why Ryff and Singer’s lengthy review of studies that show differential relationships of RPWB factors with other variables should be interpreted with far greater caution than Ryff and Singer recognize. We offer recommendations for analyzing RPWB items in surveys that have already been conducted, but we also emphasize the need for a thorough rethinking of the measurement and dimensionality of psychological well-being.     

Computing optimal adjustment schemes for the general tool-wear problem

An important problem in process adjustment using feedback is how often to sample the process and when and by how much to apply an adjustment. Minimum cost feedback schemes based on simple, but practically interesting, models for disturbances and dynamics have been discussed in several particular cases. The more general situation in which there may be measurement and adjustment errors, deterministic process drift, and costs of taking an observation, of making an adjustment, and of being off target, is considered in this article. Assuming all these costs to be known, a numerical method to minimize the overall expected cost is presented. This numerical method provides the optimal sampling interval, action limits, and amount of adjustment; and the resulting average adjustment interval, mean squared deviation from target, and minimum overall expected cost. When the costs of taking an observation, of making an adjustment, and of being off target are not known, the method can be used to choose a particular scheme by judging the advantages and disadvantages of alternative options considering the mean squared deviation they produce, the frequency with which they require observations to be made, and the resulting overall length of time between adjustments. Computer codes that perform the required computations are provided in the appendices and applied to find optimal adjustment schemes in three real examples of application.     

现代职业女性心理健康与休闲调适

由于社会竞争日趋激烈,现代职业女性群体心理负荷颇重,心理健康问题较多,严重程度远远超过普通人群的平均水平。本文通过对现代职业女性压力表现的分析,提出通过休闲活动来缓解职业女性压力的调适策略。使职业女性在参与休闲活动过程中获得愉悦、关怀及支持感,从而有效地帮助职业女性减轻压力,提升生活质量与心理健康。     

竞价排名的广告属性与法律调整

竞价排名作为一种新生事物,在其自然演进的过程中,出现了诸多问题期待法律予以回应。但是,在此领域出现了法律的真空地带,存在很多制度缺失。本文从竞价排名的法律性质谈起,分析了竞价排名实质是一种自然算法与人工干预的组合,对于人工干预部分是法律规制之重点所在。结合现实中竞价排名的乱象以及现实困境,通过将其定位为商业广告,以及借鉴美国相关制度设计,来完善我国竞价排名市场的有效法律调整。