Job stressors,coping, and psychological distress among Japanese employees: Interplay between active and non-active coping

In this study the sole and the combined effects of active and non-active forms of coping on psychological distress across various kinds of job stressors were examined. Data on job stressors, coping and psychological distress were obtained from 4487 male employees of a research institute in the automobile industry in Japan (mean age=36.27 years, SD = 7.43). A hierarchical moderated multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate and test the significance of the main effects and their interactions. The results show that although active coping was effective in decreasing psychological distress regardless of the type of job stressor, the effectiveness was weaker in situations that require effortful coping, such as role ambiguity and insufficient authority. Furthermore, the effectiveness of active coping was influenced by the other strategies, especially in effortful coping situations. While distancing or seeking social support improved the effectiveness, restraint coping reduced it. These results suggest that the type of non-active coping that individuals combine with active coping can be critical in determining health outcomes in more complex and effortful coping situations. Consideration of the coping combinations, not merely the situational context, is important in explaining how the work environment influences employees' psychological distress.     

Pregnancy,work and women's well-being: A review

Abstract

Pregnancy is potentially a stressful period for working women for ergonomic, psychological and organizational reasons, yet the well-being of women is seldom the focus of research on working during pregnancy. This paper reviews the literature on women's experience of being pregnant at work. It concludes that, while working conditions are usually not well suited to pregnant women, the majority of women encounter only minor difficulties and regard working in a positive way. However, for a minority of women working during pregnancy adversely affects their well-being. These are likely to be women working during pregnancy adversely affects their well-being. These are likely to be women who are most at risk from work-related stress at other times. The literature suggests that working during pregnancy has still to be accepted and accommodated by employers and colleagues.     

Power motivation,illness, coping strategies and psychological stress in police trainees

Abstract

Research suggests that there are substantial differences in the ways in which people cope with strcss, and that certain coping strategies buffer the degree of psychological and physical illness resulting from stress. Furthermore, personality, the situational context and subjective appraisal of the situation are believed to mediate coping behaviour and its effectiveness. The present investigation reports the results of two studies of the relationship between coping behaviour and the personality disposition need for power, taking into account the environment and the subject's appraisal of the situation. Highly power-motivated individuals were hypothesized to utilize emotion-focused coping strategies more than problem-focused coping strategies, to find the training environment stressful and anxietyprovoking, and to report more illness, than low power-motivated individuals. A 19-wcck policc academy training programme was used to measure these relationships in 34 police trainees. Thc results did not support all hypotheses. Findings are discussed with reference to sample characteristics, training intensity, and the empirical work in this area.     

The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research

The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model (Karasek, 1979) and the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model (Johnson, and Hall, 1988) have dominated research on occupational stress in the last 20 years. This detailed narrative review focuses on the JDC(S) model in relation to psychological well-being. It covers research from 63 samples, published in the period 1979-1997. In the review a distinction is drawn between two different hypotheses prevailing in research on the models. According to the strain hypothesis of the JDC model, employees working in a high-strain job (high demands-low control) experience the lowest well-being. The buffer hypothesis states that control can moderate the negative effects of high demands on well-being. Translating these hypotheses to the expanded JDCS model, the iso-strain hypothesis predicts the most negative outcomes among workers in an iso-strain job (high demands-low control-low social support/isolation), whereas the buffer hypothesis states that social support can moderate the negative impact of high strain on well-being. Although the literature gives considerable support for the strain and iso-strain hypotheses, support for the moderating influence of job control and social support is less consistent. The conceptualization of demands and control is a key factor in discriminating supportive from nonsupportive studies. Only aspects of job control that correspond to the specific demands of a given job moderate the impact of high demands on well-being. Furthermore, certain subpopulations appear to be more vulnerable to high (iso)strain, whereas others benefit more from high control. On the basis of the results of this review, suggestions for future research and theoretical development are formulated.     

基于心理契约关系的IT外包项目控制模式建构:多案例研究

基于控制和心理契约理论,本论文研究IT外包项目中客户与供应商双方心理契约匹配情境对于控制模式的影响.本文是一个包括五个IT外包项目的多案例研究,对象是国内一家著名通信设备制造商,它在其中两个项目中以供应商的角色出现,在另外三个项目中则作为客户方.根据本文第一作者参与这些项目的亲身经历和多次追踪访谈以及其它相关资料,本研究识别出项目双方心理契约关系的四种匹配模式--相互交易、客户弱势、供应商弱势和相互忠诚,及其各自对应的关系特征.研究结果显示,在相互交易情境中,客户对供应商执行更多的结果控制;相反,相互忠诚的情境涉及更多的非正式控制.此外,在客户与供应商心理契约不匹配的情况下,客户倾向对供应商施加更多的行为控制.     

信任与组织公民行为:心理授权的调节作用实证研究

信任是组织中强有效的管理工具,组织中的管理者也认识到信任在组织中的重要作用.然而,在由于现实中各种因素的影响和不确定性的存在,组织中的信任往往不能促使员工绩效和组织产出达到期望值.心理授权不仅能够提高组织中的信任水平,同时还能够加强信任与组织公民行为的正相关关系(即心理授权对信任与组织公民行为有正的调节作用),从而进一步提高员工绩效和组织产出.本文采用层次线性回归的方法对此进行验证,数据分析结果部分支持了提出的假设.     

The relationship between employee motivation and psychological health at work: A chicken-and-egg situation?

Although employee motivation and psychological health at work have been found to be related, it remains unclear whether motivation precedes psychological health or vice versa, and to which extent different manifestations of mental health relate to different forms of motivation at work. Using the self-determination theory and the bidimensional theory of psychological health, this complete panel design study tested the directionality of the relationship between motivation at work and psychological health at work, with a dedicated focus on the specific predictive patterns observed between 4 types of motivation at work and positive and negative indicators of psychological health at work. Eight hundred and five Canadian workers completed questionnaires at 2 times, separated by a 6-month interval. Structural equation modelling analyses indicated that only identified regulation and psychological well-being at work have a fully reciprocal relationship. Only psychological well-being at work was positively associated with the 3 most self-determined types of motivation at work 6 months later, and only identified regulation predicted psychological health at work after 6 months. External regulation was unrelated to all indicators of psychological health at work over time. By integrating 2 theoretical frameworks, this study clarified the relationships between psychological health at work and motivation at work over time.     

不同文化导向下心理授权对组织承诺影响的实证研究:基于知识型员工的观点

文章从知识型员工的角度出发,整合已有的对文化导向、心理授权及组织承诺的研究,运用结构方程模型,实证分析检验了员工导向和任务导向对知识型员工心理授权及组织承诺的影响,以及心理授权的内在状态和比较状态对知识型员工感情承诺及继续承诺的影响,从而为企业提高知识型员工的组织承诺提供了有效途径。     

中国情景下网络广告心理效果的影响因素分析

基于一项对563位中国消费者进行的网络广告心理效果的问卷调查,本文对网络广告心理效果的影响因素进行了探索性因素分析,得到了反映网络广告心理效果评价的九个因素,将它们与传统广告心理效果指标进行比较分析,指出该指标体系中适应能力、媒体运用、时代气息及结构布局四个因素是由网络媒体的特殊性带来的,而其余的购买信息、情感驱动、主题认知、记忆效果、亲和程度五个因素则反映了网络广告作为广告而言的基本功能.