The study of mental distress and the (re)construction of identities in men and women with experience of long-term mental distress

This article explores the possibility of using a theoretical framework drawn from disability studies in the field of mental health, and the study of identity (re)construction in the recovery process. In this PhD project, 33 narratives were analysed using framework analysis. The analysis showed that disablism was present and powerful in the participants’ lives, and also showed how disablism shaped how the participants thought and felt about themselves. As Carol Thomas argues, when analysing disablism one should also focus on who we are and are prevented from being, as disabled people. The conclusion is that processes of oppression were central when it comes to understanding the (re)construction of identities. A disability studies perspective is thus relevant in the field of mental distress, and can be used to enhance the understanding of the process of identity (re)construction.     

Nurse safety: How is safety climate related to affect and attitude?

Occupational accidents and injuries continue to be a critical concern for nurses, given the hazardous healthcare environment. This study advances the research on workplace safety by studying the process variables (i.e. job-related negative affect (JRNA) and job satisfaction) in explaining the relationship between safety climate and various safety criteria in nurses. Based on survey data from 326 nurses, our findings suggest that psychological safety climate is negatively related to JRNA, turnover intentions, safety workarounds, and workplace hazards. In addition, structural equation modelling indicated general support for a model in which psychological safety climate influences employee strain through job attitudes, including JRNA and job satisfaction. More specifically, job attitudes were found to mediate the relationship between psychological safety climate and turnover intentions, experience of hazards, and injuries. Safety workarounds did not significantly relate to injuries. The present study contributes to the ongoing improvement of interventions aimed at mitigating nurses’ injuries by integrating job attitudes into the safety climate–safety outcome framework.     

‘What about the couple?’ Interracial marriage and psychological distress

We explore the association between racial composition of couples—that is, whether they are interracial or homogamous—and the psychological distress of their members, as measured in a screening scale for non-specific psychological distress. We use a pooled 1997–2001 National Health Interview Survey sample of the married and cohabiting population of the United States. We compare the odds of distress for interracial vs. same race married/cohabiting adults. There are several key findings. Interracial marriage is associated with increases in severe distress for Native American men, white women, and for Hispanic men and women married to non-white spouses, compared to endogamous members of the same groups. Higher rates of distress are observed for intermarried persons with African American or Native American husbands or wives, and for women with Hispanic husbands. Lower socioeconomic status explains approximately half of the increased distress experienced by white women, while higher socioeconomic status partially suppresses increases in distress for Hispanic men and women.     

现代心理战对高校国防教育工作的思考

信息时代的心理战样式多样,其辐射面不仅仅是军队的官兵而且触及到整个社会,这就要求高校的国防教育工作者在国防教育中充分认识心理战教育的重要性,通过教育旨在增强大学生的心理承受能力;加强大学生的理想信念教育和英雄主义教育,增强大学生的精神支柱;抓住军事变革的机遇,加快心理战教育队伍的建设,为我国的国防建设服务。     

青年农民工心理症状及影响因素:未婚与已婚的比较

本研究采用社交回避及苦恼量表、社会支持量表和症状自测量表对407名农民工进行测量,探讨农民工心理症状及影响因素,并比较未婚与已婚的差异。结果发现:(1)农民工心理症状整体上处于严重状态,社交回避及苦恼较为常见,社会支持处于一般水平,未婚组与已婚组有显著差异;(2)农民工社交回避及苦恼与心理症状呈显著正相关,社会支持与心理症状、社交回避及苦恼之间都呈显著负相关,未婚与已婚组的相关系数有较大差异;(3)未婚农民工的社交苦恼直接预测心理症状,已婚农民工的社交回避与社交苦恼都直接预测心理症状,主观支持和支持利用度对已婚者保护心理健康更有作用。     

论当代大都市文化建设的文化哲学基础

大都市的文化建设分为四个大的"文化域",即物质文化、制度文化、精神文化和信息文化。大都市物质文化的重心是物质多样性和物质流动及其载体的运作效率。大都市制度建设有重要意义,信用制度有奠基性,契约论的当代作用和社会保障系统对大都市现代化文明有标志性,中国大都市制度建设在文化理念和文化精神的起步上是不可或缺的。在大都市建设中,应该注意城市经济符号化和体验化的发展趋势,物质文化与信息文化在城市的当前存在中的相互涵化、转变和一体同构的趋势,以及当代大都市大系统危机的紧迫性。大都市精神文化分为形象、知识、美感和娱乐等方面。     

Bad news indeed for Ryff’s six-factor model of well-being

Springer and Hauser (An Assessment of the Construct Validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being: Method, Mode, and Measurement Effects. 2006. Social Science Research 35) tested one key aspect of the validity of Ryff’s six-factor model of psychological well-being (RPWB), namely, whether there is substantial independent variation among the six factors. In several large and heterogeneous samples, under a variety of model specifications, and using various sets of RPWB items, we found very high factor correlations among the dimensions of well-being, especially personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and environmental mastery. That is, the six-factor model makes theoretical claims that do not yield large or consistent empirical distinctions when standard measures and instrumentation are used. Where Ryff and Singer’s comment (Best News Yet on the Six-Factor Model of Well-Being. 2006. Social Science Research 35) refers directly to that analysis, their methodological discussion is most often irrelevant or incorrect. Their text largely ignores and fails to challenge our strong empirical findings about the factorial structure of well-being. In this response, we reinforce these findings and their implications for the (in)validity of the six-factor well-being model as implemented by Ryff. We also explain why Ryff and Singer’s lengthy review of studies that show differential relationships of RPWB factors with other variables should be interpreted with far greater caution than Ryff and Singer recognize. We offer recommendations for analyzing RPWB items in surveys that have already been conducted, but we also emphasize the need for a thorough rethinking of the measurement and dimensionality of psychological well-being.     

Relational problems and psychiatric symptoms in couple therapy

This article describes couples attending family counselling in Sweden. The study group is compared with clinical groups and non-clinical groups. Self-rating instruments were com-pleted by 317 women and 312 men to evaluate the following: marital satisfaction (DAS), expressed emotion (QAFM), family climate (FC), psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90) and sense of coherence (SOC). This group had several problems: marital relationships, disrupted family functioning, dyadic interactions characterised by criticism and open arguments, and multiple psychological symptoms. The women were espe-cially discontent in the relationship, and they exhibited higher symptom strain and lower sense of coherence than the men did. Compared with non-clinical populations, this group was severely distressed and was similar to in-patient families in child psychiatric clinics. The low sense of coherence of the individuals in the group under study means that their sense of having a meaningful life and their ability to comprehend and manage problems were severely compromised. Adequate and comprehensive treatment within the framework of social pro-grammes should be made available to these couples and others in a similar situation.     

公司运营危机预警模型的比较研究——以中国上市公司为例

研究当前国内外公司运营危机预警问题的现状,首先要寻找一套适合于我国上市公司的财务状况识别指标体系,然后依据该指标体系采用不同方法建立运营危机预警模型,最后利用样本公司实际指标数据对各个模型的短期及中期预警效果进行比较分析与实证研究。结果表明,分类树模型的三年期预警准确率都在80%以上。     

基于熵权法的财务危机预警指标选择研究

合理选择财务指标是财务危机预警研究中的重要内容,用定性和定量相结合的方法进行选择是科学有效的方法之一。首先根据初选原则对财务指标进行了初步选择,然后提出了一种基于熵权的变量选择方法,对初选的财务指标进行定量筛选,进行实证研究,最终确定了应用于财务危机预警的财务指标。