学校社会工作与学校心理健康教育之比较研究

现今社会,心理健康问题凸显,人们对学生心理健康的重视程度也不断加深,学校心理健康教育在维持学生心理健康方面发挥着重要的作用,但其存在的问题也越来越明显。而此时,随着学校社会工作的兴起,越来越多的心理健康教育者开始重视学校社会工作在学生心理健康工作中作用。本文则以此为研究点,探讨学校社会工作与学校心理健康教育在目的、对象和方法上存在的异同,以便更好阐述学校社会工作和心理健康教育二者的地位和作用。     

The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: a review of 20 years of empirical research

The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model (Karasek, 1979) and the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model (Johnson, and Hall, 1988) have dominated research on occupational stress in the last 20 years. This detailed narrative review focuses on the JDC(S) model in relation to psychological well-being. It covers research from 63 samples, published in the period 1979-1997. In the review a distinction is drawn between two different hypotheses prevailing in research on the models. According to the strain hypothesis of the JDC model, employees working in a high-strain job (high demands-low control) experience the lowest well-being. The buffer hypothesis states that control can moderate the negative effects of high demands on well-being. Translating these hypotheses to the expanded JDCS model, the iso-strain hypothesis predicts the most negative outcomes among workers in an iso-strain job (high demands-low control-low social support/isolation), whereas the buffer hypothesis states that social support can moderate the negative impact of high strain on well-being. Although the literature gives considerable support for the strain and iso-strain hypotheses, support for the moderating influence of job control and social support is less consistent. The conceptualization of demands and control is a key factor in discriminating supportive from nonsupportive studies. Only aspects of job control that correspond to the specific demands of a given job moderate the impact of high demands on well-being. Furthermore, certain subpopulations appear to be more vulnerable to high (iso)strain, whereas others benefit more from high control. On the basis of the results of this review, suggestions for future research and theoretical development are formulated.     

青少年网瘾的心理危机分析与社会矫正

社会转型时期弱势群体的社会心理问题日益凸显,其中,青少年网络社会问题已引起普遍关注.青少年成长过程中的社会心理环境、对青少年单一的评价系统、学业和就业的巨大压力、群体内部人际交往的不适应等,都是促使部分青少年沉迷网络不能自拔的重要原因.要使青少年从根源上戒除网络游戏成瘾,摆脱由此造成的心理危机,仅靠单纯的心理辅导、正面...     

论“病”细穷源

张太医论病细穷源,写的是秦可卿心理焦虑、抑郁,精神崩溃的事实;因为贾珍爬灰,致使秦可卿完全陷入被动,一旦被尤氏撞破,便落得个＂画梁春尽落香尘＂的悲剧结局。细穷病源的目的,揭露封建贵族大家庭的腐败,其本身就是罪恶的渊薮;贾珍是罪孽的主凶,秦可卿本来无罪却变成替罪的羔羊,终于在大出殡的歌唱声中,掩盖了贾氏家族的所有罪恶。     

上市公司财务困境预警的Logit模型实证研究

把传统财务指标与现金流指标结合起来,利用logit方法构建了一个上市公司财务困境预警模型,该模型对预测样本进行实证研究,证明是一种有效、实用的预测方法。     

Does intergenerational mobility shape psychological distress? Sorokin revisited

Drawing from Sorokin's hypothesis that socially mobile individuals are at greater risk of experiencing psychological distress than their non-mobile counterparts, we investigate whether intergenerational occupational mobility influences psychological distress, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Using data for men from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and Sobel's Diagonal Mobility Models, we find little evidence for Sorokin's hypothesis; mobile individuals are no more likely to be psychologically distressed than their non-mobile counterparts. In fact, one group of mobile men - those who left their farming origins - are actually less distressed than the sons who remain as farmers and non-mobile men in higher-ranked social classes. We speculate that this reflects the fact that farming became very arduous during the late 20th century and these mobile sons of farmers appreciate their improved life chances. Our findings suggest that the association between mobility and psychological distress varies across specific class backgrounds and is contingent upon the broader social and economic context.     

城市外来务工人员的工作和居住环境及其健康效应——以深圳为例

20世纪80年代以来,我国快速的人口流动与事实城市化对城市环境与人口健康提出了严峻的挑战。本研究通过在深圳市开展的调查,分析了城市外来务工人员的工作、生活环境特征与身心健康状况,初步检验了环境因素对外来务工人员身心健康的净效应。研究发现,相对于其他社会经济因素而言,居住环境和工作环境对外来务工人员的健康具有更为突出的影响。改善外来务工人员的工作和居住环境、倡导良好的保健行为和生活习惯,对于改善其健康状况具有重要意义。     

Concealing Concealment: The Mediating Role of Internalized Heterosexism in Psychological Distress Among Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Older Adults

ABSTRACT

Recent population-based studies indicate that sexual minorities aged 50 and older experience significantly higher rates of psychological distress than their heterosexual age-peers. The minority stress model has been useful in explaining disparately high rates of psychological distress among younger sexual minorities. The purpose of this study is to test a hypothesized structural relationship between two minority stressors—internalized heterosexism and concealment of sexual orientation—and consequent psychological distress among a sample of 2,349 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults aged 50 to 95 years old. Structural equation modeling indicates that concealment has a nonsignificant direct effect on psychological distress but a significant indirect effect that is mediated through internalized heterosexism; the effect of concealment is itself concealed. This may explain divergent results regarding the role of concealment in psychological distress in other studies, and the implications will be discussed.     

“90后”高职学生常见心理问题及教育对策研究

随着我国高等职业教育的快速发展和“90后”学生逐渐进入大学校园,高职院校“90后”学生的心理健康问题已经引起社会的广泛关注。2010年9月至今,通过实际调研,归纳出“90后”高职学生常见的四个方面的心理问题,提出了将心理健康教育融于思想政治教育、专业教育、心理咨询和自我教育之中的解决对策,为新时期“90后”高职学生心理健康教育工作提供一定的思路和方法。     

学校社会工作介入中学心理咨询与辅导的必要性及介入措施的实务研究——以H市16所中学为例

青少年是一个具有较高智力,较高文化和较强自尊的特殊群体,正处于人格和性格的塑造期,他们大多数对人生、自我和复杂的社会缺乏深刻的认识,再加上其他客观原因的影响,青少年群体或多或少地受到心理问题的困扰,而当前中学心理咨询与辅导在硬件和软件方面存在着诸多不足。学校社会工作尊重每一个学生,注重人的潜能的开发与发展,具有自身一套独特的理论和工作方法,与当前的中学心理咨询与辅导相比,具有无可比拟的优势,所以强调和提出学校社会工作介入青少年心理健康辅导的优势及介入的措施显得尤为必要。