公共行政学发展理路之反思

回顾一个多世纪的公共行政学的发展历程,其理论方式由官僚行政理论发展为民主行政理论,最后走向服务行政理论。公共行政学的理论方式的转向不仅是其自身发展的逻辑展开,更主要的是对政府职能实现方式变化的一种理论回应。     

从“养人”到“养事”——咸安区高桥镇站所改革调查

本文以湖北咸安区高桥镇为例,对咸安区乡镇站所改革的全过程进行重新扫描,并探讨了这一体制变迁的重大意义.在这项改革中,咸安区撤销了乡镇政府所有的直管站所,将它们整体转制为民营性经济实体,其原有的行政管理职能收归乡镇政府履行,原来由它们生产的乡村公共品由基层政府通过"公开招标",实行"合同管理"和市场化运作,从而实现了从"养人"到"养事"的转变,探索了一条后税费改革时期农村基层财政困难条件下发展农村社会事业、服务"三农"的新路径.这项改革表面上看来似乎只是乡镇站所的撤销、重组和改制而已,然而实质上却是农村基层公共服务体制的根本变革,甚至是农村基层政府的一种再造.     

从体制改革到治道改革——美国大都市区管理模式研究重心的转变

美国大都市区内地方政府数目庞杂、权力分散,与大都市区一体化发展的客观需求相去甚远,这自然成为美国学术界普遍关注的研究课题。持续近一个世纪之久的理论探讨与改革实践,成效不显,重大问题远未达成共识。但在以“新”、“老”区域主义及“公共选择”学派为代表的重大学术交锋过程中,研究重点从推崇构建大都市区政府的体制改革转变为注重地方政府管理结构的治道改革,体现了向地方政府发展客观现实倾斜的理论选择。     

Beyond anti-terrorism: Metaphors as message strategy of post-September-11 U.S. public diplomacy

This research analyzed the major metaphors the U.S. government created to define the post-September-11 world realities, including “Second Front,” “Axis of Evil,” “Old Europe,” “Responsible Stakeholder,” and “Color Revolution.” The metaphors are found to be rhetorically advocating and share the archetypal metaphor of “democracy vs. tyranny” and “freedom vs. oppression.” The metaphors had their origins in the U.S. national security strategies, and the images they created highlighted aspects of the moral and ideological considerations but hide certain aspects of the realpolitik motivations.     

New deal public relations: A glimpse into FDR press secretary Stephen Early's work

Long-time confidant and press secretary to US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Stephen Early served throughout FDR's 12-year administration. As such, he was chief White House communicator during the implementation of the president's New Deal policies and throughout World War II. In March 1934, on the first day of his second year as secretary, Early started a diary. He added to it until the end of the decade. This study examines 131 of Early's diary entries over its 6 years to construct a glimpse of his professional and personal life as a high-level government communicator. Compilations of his most common activities are made and compared over time, and a discussion of Early's day-to-day professional work, private time, and contributions within the context of modern public relations practice are included.     

Effects of exposure to occupational violence and the mediating impact of fear

This paper examines the consequences of exposure to work-related violence and in particular, focuses upon the role of fear (of violence) as a mediating variable. The sample comprises UK public house licensees-individuals who manage public houses and hold the licence permitting the sale of alcoholic drinks on the premises. Questionnaires were sent to 479 licensees and a response rate of 51% was achieved. Each questionnaire measured exposure to a range of violent assaults, fear of violence, general well-being, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Based upon a final sample of 242 pub licensees, regression analyses showed that as the severity of the violence to which licensees were exposed increased, so fear of becoming a victim and symptoms of impaired well-being increased, while job satisfaction and organizational commitment decreased. Hierarchical analyses showed that fear of violence fully mediated the negative impact of exposure upon each of these other variables. It is argued that the management of fear appraisals should be integrated into organizational responses to work-place violence.     

论电子服务品质与电子政务的交互性

电子政务的目标之一是通过电子服务提高公共服务品质。提高电子服务品质的关键问题是缩小服务的提供与需求之间的差距,这个差距被PZB称为缺口。借助于PZB服务品质缺口模式分析工具可以发现、测量电子服务品质存在的缺口。发现、缩小电子服务品质缺口的过程,实质是政府与公众不断交互的过程。而电子政务的“一站式”服务平台是支持交互式运作的理想平台,是提高电子服务品质的有效途径,也为政府体制改革提供了新的思路     

Interdisciplinary bar for the public interest: What CSR and NGO frameworks contribute to the public relations of British and European activists

This paper outlines the ways in which various literatures and exemplary organizations (Business for Social Responsibility, the Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management, and the Global Compact) define, set principles, and provide frameworks for corporate social responsibility (CSR). It also explores British broadcasters’ accountability mechanisms and the extent to which U.K. broadcasting activist NGOs view them as adequate CSR. The activists studied were six British broadcasting-centered and Scottish cultural NGOs that lobby in the EU and at home. The data suggested that these activists’ public relations has pro-social, pro-democratic effects and that the CSR/NGO literatures and organizational frameworks provided may enable broadcasting activists and targets to more effectively pursue CSR.     

Public relations in the United Arab Emirates: The emergence of a profession

This paper discusses the development of public relations in a fast growing emerging country, United Arab Emirates. The making of the public relations profession in UAE has been affected tremendously by the socio-economic, educational and cultural development of the country. Ministries and government administrations established their in-house public relations departments and sections to respond to the growing demands of their various publics. Journalism and Mass Communication departments launched PR programs to meet the growing needs of the job market with qualified practitioners. International public relations agencies chose Dubai as a base for their activities in the UAE and the region. The future of public relations in the UAE is very promising. Although it is facing some problems, public relations is the job of the future.     

Public–private wage differential and gender gap in Latin America: Spoiled bureaucrats and exploited women?

This paper uses a rich collection of household surveys to investigate the wage differential between the public and private sectors in 13 Latin American countries. It also studies how the sector of employment affects the gender wage gap. Contrary to what is commonly thought, it is found that, in the majority of Latin American countries, there is a premium associated with working in the public sector. It is also found that the premium is often higher for women than for men but that this difference does not compensate for the wide gender gap.