Developing Public Relations 2.0: Practitioners’ perceptions on the implementation of interactive communication strategies

This study employs a qualitative Delphi panel to explore the perceptions of interactive agency executives on the adoption of online interactivity within the communication practices of companies of all trades in one of the biggest European media markets (Spain). The results highlight the serious challenges these practices pose to organizations and identify internal and external factors that affect the decision-making process. The study argues that actors’ definitions of interactivity are crucial in shaping Public Relations 2.0.     

Jack (and Jill?) of All Trades – A Canadian Case Study of Equity in Apprenticeship Supports

In the past decade, Canadian federal and provincial governments have designed programmes to facilitate entry into trades in an attempt to stimulate economic growth. As part of these efforts, increasing attention is focusing on programmes to encourage women to enter skilled trades, while paying little attention to those trades traditionally dominated by females. In this article, we explore the gendered dimensions of apprenticeship programmes in Canada, demonstrating the ways in which gender inequality is reproduced by programmes that situate employers and women as responsible for change. In particular, using a case study, we illustrate that the gendered structure of the labour market is preserved and reproduced. While efforts have targeted women to facilitate entry into non‐traditional occupations such as electricians and plumbers, female‐dominated trades such as hairstylists remain untouched, thereby sustaining the gendered wage structure of the economy. Thus women remain segregated in low‐paying trades and receive fewer public supports when pursuing training in these segregated trades. The article argues that apprenticeship training and certification is constructed to respond to the needs of male‐dominated trades, but not the needs of female‐dominated trades. Ultimately, the public policy decisions that make up the apprenticeship training and certification system in Canada reproduce gender inequality.     

Player transgressions and the management of the sport sponsor relationship

Player transgressions in sport relate to on- or off-field incidents that are out of the ordinary and may bring negative repercussions for stakeholders as a result of their association with the team, athlete or sport. Based on a series of depth interviews conducted with executives representing major Australian team-based sporting organizations, this paper outlines the effects that these incidents can have on relationships with sponsors from a sport organization perspective. The findings serve to develop a conceptual model that illustrates that the impact of transgressions is determined by a number of factors, which are discussed. The paper further presents a number of implications for the sport organization's public relations strategy, given that the role of public relations has evolved from primarily a communications focus to a more strategic management of relationships with various publics and stakeholders.     

Towards the professionalisation of public relations in Malaysia: Perception management and strategy development

The aim of this study is to explore how the status and standards of public relations as a profession are perceived by the three main groups involved in public relations: academics, practitioners, and business leaders. It is concluded that public relations can be a ‘true’ profession if all parties involved are united and committed to developing standardised, universal forms of public relations practise.     

How organizations want to be viewed: Public relations photographs in online wire services

The study explored the characteristics of photos in online news wire services. Nearly 70% of the photos represented product, CEO and events when examining photo content. The most distinguished purpose of the public relations photos were publicity and public announcements, followed by image building. Almost all of the publicity photographs were provided by business/industry organizations. Supporting arguments for the independence of public relations do not seem to be voiced by public relations practitioners in the analysis of photos.     

“预交罚金”的法律定性研究

“预交罚金”是被告人及其亲属为了使被告人得到宽大处理，在对被告人的刑罚有了一个比较客观的估计之后，于法院作出判决前先向法院预交一定数额的金钱作为将来判决时的罚金。“预交罚金”在本质上是保证金和法定抵消两个制度的结合体。基于私法与公法上的将来之债和公法之债理论，可以合理地定位“预交罚金”的法律性质：担保将来公法之债——罚金的保证金。     

论夫妻的债务认定与清偿

夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间发生的债务可以划分为夫妻共同债务、夫妻个人债务以及夫妻之间的债务，并且可以根据债务性质的不同，在优先保护善意第三人的前提下，分别适用不同的清偿原则。此外，无论何种性质的债务清偿，都不能仅看举债的目的及夫妻一方对债务发生的认可，而要根据债务发生原因及双方是否受益。本着权利与义务相一致的原则，只要夫妻一方受益于因债务产生的主要利益，就负有偿还该债务的义务。     

国债数据库管理系统的设计与实现

对国债数据库管理系统的研究和开发进行了分析,绘制出系统数据流程图,并描述了系统中代码设计等工作过程。对于优化国债发行规模和期限结构的研究进行了简要的论述。最后指出了有待进一步解决的问题,为今后的工作提出了新的研究方向。     

Inequality and public good provision: An experimental analysis

Recent studies report that economic inequality is associated with reduced government expenditures on social programs. Several prominent social scientists, including Putman (Putnam, R., 2000. Bowling Alone. Simon and Schuster, New York), attribute this to the detrimental “psychosocial effects” of group heterogeneity on cooperation. We test the hypothesis that inequality within a group reduces individual contributions in a public goods experiment. Unlike previous examinations of inequality and public good provision, we introduce inequality by manipulating the levels and distributions of fixed payments given to subjects. When made salient through public information about each individual's standing within the group, inequality reduces contributions to the public good for all group members.     

污名是阻碍青少年心理求助的主要因素

近20年来中国社会变迁加速，社会转型逐步深入。伴随这一社会进程，青少年心理问题日益凸显，引起了社会各方的广泛关注。可是，令人困惑的是寻求专业帮助的青少年患者很少。对此矛盾的现象，学者有不同的解释。本文认为，社会污名是导致青少年不去寻求专业帮助的主要原因。青少年害怕由于污名所带来的偏见、歧视和社会排斥，因而隐匿自己的心理问题。