粮食投资性补贴政策的效应分析

通过建立动态一般均衡模型来分析粮食投资性补贴政策的产出效应,采用order logistic回归方法,估计粮食投资性补贴对农户行为和农业产量的影响,刻画了各变量之间的动态关系。研究表明：粮食投资性补贴政策在一定程度上能够提高农户对农业生产的投资水平,但由于受到生产资料价格上涨以及地区差异的影响,其对粮食产量的正向影响并不显著。     

农业补贴政策效果评价与优化

减免农业税并对农业进行补贴是中国农业政策的重要转折点,其实施效果是人们关注的问题之一。以农民收入、粮食总产量、人均耕地面积代表农业补贴政策主要目标,农业补贴政策作为虚拟变量,通过灰色关联度定量评价了2004—2008年间农业补贴政策的实施效果。结果表明:在所有因素中,农业补贴政策与农民收入、粮食总产量、人均耕地面积关联度处于最弱地位,说明农业补贴政策的效果不尽如人意。提出了调整农业补贴称谓与标准,注重农业保险补贴及调整农业补贴结构等农业补贴政策优化措施。     

不同新能源汽车补贴政策对市场稳定性的影响

目前,加快产业结构升级、形成新的经济增长点的需求,催生各国政府推出各种优化补贴政策以支持新能源汽车产业发展。针对新能源汽车补贴政策优化的问题,本文基于动力系统分支理论构建动态博弈模型,讨论了三种新能源汽车补贴,包括：1）研发补贴;2）市场补贴;3）混合补贴对市场稳定性的影响。结果表明：首先,新能源汽车研发补贴能刺激企业研发投入,但补贴的增加会降低市场稳定性;其次,新能源汽车市场补贴对企业研发投入的刺激效果弱于研发补贴,过度补贴会降低市场稳定性;最后,新能源汽车混合补贴下,研发补贴对企业研发投入的刺激效果优于市场补贴,对企业利润的刺激效果劣于市场补贴,对新能源汽车市场稳定性的提升优于市场补贴。基于此,本文认为增加对其他技术路线以及高端产品的市场补贴,未来对应企业的研发投入进行"研发投入间隔梯度补贴",降低企业研发投入调整速度,以维护市场稳定,促进新能源汽车产业发展。     

公法人管理和公共财政规模对农田灌溉设施的影响

在公共财政投入薄弱的条件下,公法人管理和非公法人管理都比较低效,但是前者低效的原因在于政府投入不足,与自身管理无关;后者则存在严重的管理缺陷,且长期的管理绩效远远低于公法人管理。在公共财政投入充足时,公法人和非公法人管理的绩效都会有所增加,但是公法人更为有效。据此,我国新时期为实现农田有效灌溉面积的目标应该进行管理制度的公法人化改革。     

宋代士大夫的饥荒对策刍议

宋太祖提出荒年募兵的政策,以消除流民可能的动乱隐患。此一设想被富弼较好地落实,并与其它措施一起成为很多士大夫推崇的赈灾典范。欧阳修、司马光等人却因其带来冗兵冗费和劳动力减少而加以反对,但他们未能提出建设性的解决之道。王安石为首的变法派推行以工代赈的救荒政策,而且采取因时、因地、因人制宜的灵活方式,由此发展了生产,同时也起到了避免动乱的政治效果。苏轼兄弟在几种救荒方式间依违不定,程颢曾参与以工代赈行动,朱熹则多次呼吁以这种可持续的方式赈灾。宋太祖钦定和宋神宗正式诏令的赈济方式,均产生很大争议,说明士大夫对"祖宗家法"与国家法令的态度并非严遵谨守,而是力争为我所用。     

公司参与县（市）级区域统一供种项目的效果评析

基于对8家种子公司在5个省105个县(市)级区域的调查数据,在控制市场结构、市场地位和供种力度效应的基础上,对不同公司在不同县(市)级区域参与和未参与统一供种项目相比的绩效差异展开分析。研究发现,当公司在特定县(市)级区域经营实力较强时,无论市场集中度高低,也不管供种力度大小,参与统一供种项目对其绩效并没有多大帮助,甚至还有负面影响,但是公司参与率较高;当公司在特定县(市)级区域经营实力较弱时,无论市场集中度高低,也不管供种力度大小,参与统一供种项目对其绩效提升具有显著的作用,但是公司参与率却很低。最后,本研究对这一现象产生的原因及对种子产业的影响进行了讨论,并提出对策建议。     

Agenda-building in the corporate sphere: Analyzing influence in the 2008 Yahoo!-Icahn proxy contest

This study further extends agenda-building theory into the corporate sphere. This investigation tested for agenda-building relationships between the issues emphasized in corporate candidate-controlled information subsidies and financial news media coverage during the 2008 Yahoo! Inc.-Carl Icahn proxy contest for control of Yahoo!’s board of directors. Solid support was found for issue agenda-building associations. Cross-lagged correlation analyses revealed that both Yahoo!’s and Icahn's information subsidies enjoyed some success in shaping media coverage during the proxy fight. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Can we trust parental reports of child care subsidy receipt?

In recent years, research examining determinants and consequences of the means-tested child care subsidy program (the Child Care and Development Fund [CCDF]) has grown dramatically. To measure subsidy utilization, existing studies typically rely on parent-reported measures of subsidy receipt drawn from large surveys. As the research literature on child care subsidies has grown, however, so have concerns about the trustworthiness of parent-reported subsidy use. One way to assess the quality of parent-reported subsidy use is to examine its overlap with another subsidy receipt measure, drawn from a different source. The current paper uses the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS), the only existing survey data source that contains an alternate measure of subsidy receipt — based on child care provider report — which permits a comparison to parent-reported measures. We find evidence that increases our confidence in the trustworthiness of parents as accurate reporters of subsidy receipt. In recognition that neither data source reflects “true” subsidy receipt, however, we conclude with a discussion of limitations and steps for future research.     

Fertiliser Subsidies and Social Cash Transfers as Complementary or Competing Instruments for Reducing Vulnerability to Hunger: The Case of Malawi

Fertiliser subsidies and social transfers are complementary instruments for reducing vulnerability to hunger in poor agrarian countries. The former act on production and aim to reduce food insecurity through yield growth, while the latter tackle food‐entitlement failures directly, by providing either food itself or the cash to purchase food to selected beneficiaries. The policies compete for scarce public resources, and each represents an ‘opportunity cost’ compared to the other. Using Malawi to illustrate these comparisons, this article shows that a mix of policies can be affordable, allowing for strategic choice over the portfolio most likely to achieve a reliable consumption floor for the most vulnerable rural people.     

主要发达国家农业补贴政策对黑龙江省的启示

黑龙江省地处我国东北边陲,地广人少,是我国重要的粮食主产区、商品粮生产基地和粮食安全后备基地,也是国家农业补贴的重点省份。但是如何补贴,补到什么程度才能起到激励作用,是值得我们探讨的问题。本文通过分析主要发达国家农业补贴政策的特点和优势,结合黑龙江省农业补贴政策存在的问题,提出了鼓励并加大推进黑龙江省农业结构的战略性调整;用好用足WTO规则,制定适合农户及垦区的农业补贴政策;深化改革农业生产经营管理体制,建立适应国际市场竞争的农业管理体制;完善农业补贴政策目标体系的构建;加强农业补贴政策立法的启示性建议。