诗与史的对话——谈文学的历史维度

文学和历史有着深刻的渊源关系,文学中的历史维度有两层含义,狭义的历史维度要求文学中描写的历史必须和历史一致,追求一种＂实录＂精神;广义的文学历史维度要求文学的内容具有一种历史理性、历史精神,允许作家虚构,用艺术典型化的方法反映历史内容。历史内容进入文学作品必须遵循一定的原则,即：历史的艺术化,历史的理性,美学的和历史的相统一。     

生态学马克思主义：合理性、内在限度及其价值依归

今天,人类正处在由工业文明向生态文明转型的前夜,全球生态环境遭到严重破坏的现实迫使我们不得不关注生态问题。生态学马克思主义作为20世纪末以来最有影响的西方马克思主义流派之一,它所提出的许多观点对于我们批判反思西方工业文明,获取建设生态文明启示上有着重要作用。但同时我们也应看到,生态马克思主义具有一定合理性的同时也存在着很大的缺陷,它的合理性具有内在的限度。实际上,生态马克思主义孜孜以求解决生态问题的根本出路在于中国特色社会主义理论与实践的探索与发展,中国特色社会主义理论与实践是其价值的依归。     

在理性与非理性统一的基础上重建新理性精神

对新理性精神的探索,不是简单地重复传统理性主义的观点,而是站在时代精神的前沿,对理性赋予新的含义。它力图证明,传统理性主义的基石虽然“坍塌”了,但理性依然屹立着,理性仍然是人之所以为人的本质属性和内在根据。新理性主义便是在理性与非理性统一的基础上所理解的一种新理性。     

Culture and the Explanation of Choice behavior

This paper shows how alternative, culturally-determined motivational forces can be substituted for self-interest or rationality in the theory of choice. Several possibilities are considered, including the replacement of preference optimization by such propellants as the selection of the `second best' or the `central' option. It is argued that although all choice behavior, even that consistent with the alternatives considered, can ultimately be understood as satisfying the criterion of rationality, richer and more meaningful explanation is obtained by focusing on culturally significant alternative motivations when the latter turn out, in particular environments, to be more important than self-interest.     

非理性主义在认识论中的合理性

非理性具有不自觉性、突发性、瞬时性和非逻辑性等特性。在认识论中,非理性主义张扬非理性因素,其合理性主要在于揭示了认识能动性的根源,丰富了人的认识形式,阐释了在认识的不同阶段非理性因素具有动力、诱导、意向、选择、激励、调节等不同的作用。     

中俄体制转型模式比较研究——从价值观念看渐进转型模式的合理性

本文从价值观念的变化对体制转型促进或制约的角度 ,论证渐进转型模式的合理性 ,认为渐进转型模式有益于处理价值观的一元性和多元性的辩证关系 ,保持转型过程中政策的连续性 ,促进经济的发展 ;激进转型模式往往使人们价值观念的调整滞后于迅速变化的社会现实 ,导致人们基本价值观念的严重冲突和对立 ,加重了社会控制的成本 ,阻碍了经济的恢复和发展。中俄两国都是缺少市场经济传统、社会发展极不平衡的大国 ,体制转型采取一种能保证人们在实现经济利益的过程中逐步转变价值观念、为转型的持续发展不断注入动力的模式 ,更为理想     

略论问句的逻辑合理性问题

问句 (疑问句 )是人际沟通中普遍使用的一种提出问题并要求回答的语句。合理的问句应选择合适的问句类型 ,句中的预设要真实充足 ,逻辑重点要明确 ,合理的问句应该能有答案。只有弄清问句的逻辑合理性问题 ,才能正确地使用和理解问句 ,保障人际沟通正常有效地进行     

高校取消考试作弊学生学位的法理探讨

在校大学生只要达到法定要求，就依法享有申请获得学位的权利。为学生授予学位是高校在法律法规授权下作出的一种行政行为，应当符合相关规定，并遵守行政法的基本原则。高校因学生考试作弊而不授予其学位不符合行政合法性原则和行政合理性原则。应当采取适当的方法解决这一现实问题。     

Conflicting rationalities, knowledge and values in scarred landscapes

Incorporating public or local preferences in landscape planning is often discussed with respect to the difficulties associated with accurate representation, stimulating interest and overcoming barriers to participation. Incorporating sectoral and professional preferences may also have the same degree of difficulty where conflicts can arise. Planning theory calls for inclusiveness and collaboration, ideally egalitarian, and analysis of the process often uses case study scenarios that may offer examples for practice and further research. Much of the literature takes case studies in urban landscapes as the starting point for discussion and little is known of the collaborative process in rural landscapes, especially damaged landscapes such as those that may occur after extreme resource extraction. In this paper, we use industrially mined, or ‘cutaway’, peatlands as illustrative examples of the remaining ‘scarred’ landscapes. Using narratives of ‘knowledge-holders’ as iterative examples, we explore the perspectives of key actors within scarred landscape after-use planning. It is shown that though there is agreement that community ‘stakes’ are important, there are conflicts relating to the exact level of collaboration or to the extent that it is necessary at all. Traditional sectoral approaches predominate with community level narratives following established pathways. The prevailing rationalities revolve around protectionism and differing opinions of knowledge. Where a policy vacuum exists in relation to after-use of damaged landscapes, the resulting conflict may be an impediment to non-tokenistic stakeholder collaboration.     

公共利益观念:一个思想史的考察

公共利益贯穿着人类社会发展的全部过程.在古希腊时期,“公共利益”仅仅是作为一个整体的城邦的“共同利益”即“共同善”.在理性启蒙时代,人们相信理性有能力设计一种个人利益与社会公共利益相互协调的政治社会结构,公共利益成为一种社会构建原则.但功利主义认为,社会政治秩序是在个人不考虑公共利益的情况下追求自身利益最大化的过程中无意而自然形成的.及至当代,公共利益观念呈现价值纷乱的多重景观.马克思主义唯物史观认为,公共利益只有在“自由人的联合体”中才能得到真正实现.