Designing centralized waiting lists for attachment to a primary care provider: Considerations from a logic analysis

Access to a regular primary care provider is essential to quality care. In Canada, where 15 % of patients are unattached (i.e., without a regular provider), centralized waiting lists (CWLs) help attach patients to a primary care provider (family physician or nurse practitioner). Previous studies reveal mechanisms needed for CWLs to work, but focus mostly on CWLs for specialized health care. We aim to better understand how to design CWLs for unattached patients in primary care.In this study, a logic analysis compares empirical evidence from a qualitative case study of CWLs for unattached patients in seven Canadian provinces to programme theory derived from a realist review on CWLs. Data is analyzed using context-intervention-mechanism-outcome configurations.Results identify mechanisms involved in three components of CWL design: patient registration, patient prioritization, and patient assignment to a provider for attachment. CWL programme theory is revised to integrate mechanisms specific to primary care, where patients, rather than referring providers, are responsible for registering on the CWL, where prioritization must consider a broad range of conditions and characteristics, and where long-term acceptability of attachment is important. The study provides new insight into mechanisms that enable CWLs for unattached patients to work.     

“有感觉的男性身体”——论霍加特的文化批评

“身体”是英国文化研究的扛鼎之作《识字的用途》中的重要隐喻。理查德·霍加特通过这一隐喻描述了二战后英国社会的文化生活,尤其是大众文化对工人阶级传统文化的腐蚀以及通过奖学金男孩“有感觉的男性身体”所实现的文化反抗。“有感觉的男性身体”,复合了更为古老的“身体”:它扬弃了利维斯文学批评中的“感觉”话语,整合了奥威尔登左派批评传统对“身体”的再现。作为三种身体形态之一,“有感觉的男性身体”囊括并超越了大众文化被性化、支离破碎的女性身体和永恒的母性身体,体现了变化—拒绝变化的二律背反;它既是社会瘀伤的症候,又通过特有的感觉能力为治愈社会提供了药方。     

语法差异的中西文化视角

由于汉语与欧洲语言具有很大的文化差异和不同的"精神面貌",早在20世纪上半叶,就不断有学者呼吁汉语语法研究走独立于英语语法的道路,真正的汉语语法应该以汉语不同于西方语言的特殊规律为主体,同时也反映人类语言的某些共同规律。从文化比较的角度看,汉语的思维、表达和语法与欧洲语言的基本对立表现为灵活与精确、综合与分析、具象与抽象、动态与静态的基本对立。     

论刚柔相济管理模式下的企业执行文化建设——以煤炭企业为例

企业管理成功的关键在于"执行",衡量企业管理成功与否的标准在于"执行的结果"。因此,执行文化的建设就成为企业管理工作的重中之重。文章以企业执行文化的构建为中心,从刚柔相济管理模式的内涵入手,以煤炭企业为例,着重从刚性管理与执行力的养成、柔性管理与执行意识的提升、刚柔相济与企业执行文化的形成等方面展开企业执行文化的构建过程。     

含吡啶二噻吩乙烯光致变色化合物的合成与性能

设计合成了一个含单边吡啶取代基的二噻吩乙烯光致变色化合物.以2-甲基-5-氯噻吩和戊二酰氯为原料,经Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应、Mcmurry偶联反应得到中间体1,2-二（2-甲基-5氯-3-噻吩基）环戊烯,再经Su-zuki偶联反应得到化合物1-（5-氯-2-噻吩）-2-（5′-吡啶-2′-甲基噻吩）环戊二烯（BTE-Pyidine）.所有中间体及目标产物用1HNMR,MS确定了化学结构,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对该化合物及其与质子和金属锌离子相互作用的光致变色性能进行了研究.     

硅胶基吸附材料的合成方法

硅胶基吸附材料是以硅胶为基质合成的一种对金属离子具有良好吸附性能的材料．本文从改性机理和合成路径两方面综述了硅胶基吸附材料的合成方法,并讨论了不同合成路径（异相法、均相法、共聚法）的优缺点．     

关于区域同城化的研究综述

继2005年深圳最早提出与香港形成＂同城化＂的发展态势和理念后,国内众多相邻区域都先后提出了同城化的发展战略与思路,各区域板块正呈现出以＂同城化＂为导向或龙头的区域经济发展趋势。本文归纳和总结了国内同城化的研究概况与进展,以期对相邻区域的发展模式提供一定的启示。     

Interpreting interviews

ABSTRACT

Realist evaluation (RE) is increasingly adopted to assess the effectiveness of social programs. RE goes beyond measurement of outcomes, providing insight into how and why programs work by focusing on how participants experience and respond to programs within certain contexts. A RE was conducted on Healthy Start-Départ Santé (HSDS), an early childhood development program in Canada, created to address the prevalence of overweight and obese children. The first step of the RE was to create an initial program theory (IPT) to identify key contexts and mechanisms relating to the success of the program. Realist methodology can be challenging, time consuming, and resource intensive and there are few practical examples of how to conduct a RE. This article aims to add to the realist methodological literature by describing the construction of the IPT, reflecting on the process used, and providing a starting point for future realist practitioners.     

Middle‐Class Political Activism and Middle‐Class Advantage in Relation to Public Services: A Realist Synthesis of the Evidence Base

Since the late 1960s social policy scholarship has been concerned with the distribution of the resources or benefits across social gradients. This article presents a review of the literature on one mechanism by which inequity might be produced – activism by middle‐class service‐users enabling them to capture a disproportionate share of resources. The review used the methodology of realist synthesis to bring together evidence from the UK, the USA and Scandinavian countries over the past 30 years. The aim was to construct a ‘middle‐theory’ to understand how and in which contexts collective and individual activity by middle‐class service‐users might produce inequitable resource allocation or rationing decisions that disproportionately benefit middle‐class service‐users. The article identifies four causal theories which nuance the view that it is the ‘sharp elbows’ of the middle‐classes which confer advantage on this group. It shows how advantage accrues via the interplay between service‐users, providers and the broader policy and social context.     

国际关系的理论回归与基础路径——以国际制度理论为例

国际关系理论衰落的论调和担忧激励了理论创新。在诸多创新方式中,理论综合是重要的一种,具体包含了理论折中和理论合成,且主要发生在宏观范式之间或内部,由此形成了四种主要的理论综合方式:范式间折中或合成、范式内折中或合成。理论合成的严格理论与理论折中的实用性分析框架之间,还存在较多模糊地带。更多的研究既没有清晰的理论创造或运用,亦没有明确的折中分析框架。但是,这并不意味着国际关系"理论已逝"的论断已成事实。在理论合成与理论折中之间还存在一种理论综合的方式——理论回归,即从相关的多层次和多学科理论中拟合出简约且共性最大(或平均差异最小)的基础路径。所谓"基础路径"即介于宏观哲学元理论或思想传统与具体学科内理论之间的、若干相邻学科或理论共享的、具有一定范围内共识性的研究议题及解答思路。以国际制度研究为例,大量的经验研究虽然时常没有明确的理论地位,但并未完全脱离多层次的理论基础,而是逐渐形成超越具体学科及/或理论的五大基础路径:权力—结构、理性—功能、文化—建构、历史—阶级、反思—批判。