Who Gets What From Government? Distributional Consequences of Child‐Care Assistance Policies

Given the fragmented structure of child‐care assistance in the United States, it has been difficult to obtain accurate estimates of which families are assisted, through which mechanisms, and at what level. Making use of survey data from New York City, we analyze the distribution of several forms of public child‐care assistance. Results suggest that about 40% of all families with young children receive some form of child‐care assistance. Considering all forms of assistance, the distribution of child‐care help is targeted in both expected and some unexpected ways. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of U.S. child‐care policies governing access and benefit levels.     

清初治滇述论

清朝初年,特别是平定“三藩之乱”后的二三十年间,是云南实现由乱到治的关键时期。清朝统治者在总结和借鉴历代治滇思想和治策的基础上,经过不断调整、充实,逐步形成了一套相对完整的治滇治策体系,其治策涉及云南的政治、经济、文化等领域,较为切合当时社会发展的实际,成为其后清朝统治云南的治边思想和治策。     

Changing Gender: The Discursive Construction of Equal Opportunities

This article provides a discursive perspective on the dilemmas of sameness and difference feminisms and their consequences for change projects. It explores how equal opportunity officers dealing with gender issues and introducing equality legislation in practice construct the meaning of equal opportunities. The analysis of the interpretative repertoires and ideological dilemmas drawn upon in ten interviews shows the highly context‐specific use of four different repertoires constructing gender equality: the sameness, difference, bandwidth and deconstructive repertoire. Interpreting the shifts between repertoires from the perspective of the ideological dilemma, new avenues for change are explored. The article concludes that the simultaneous use of all possible theoretical perspectives might be a worthwhile objective.     

当代中国价值观念的变迁及其现实选择

全球化使当代中国价值观念的变迁凸显出多样性和复杂性,其表现为:价值取向从整体向个体的转变,价值追求从道义导向向利益导向的转变,价值标准从一元性向多元性的转变。面对多样而复杂的价值观念,必须赋予主导价值观以时代内涵,建构新型集体主义。     

“推力”、“拉力”之外更需“助力”——中国农民工市民化之历史蜕变途径浅探

中国城市化进程中数以亿计的农民工在农村之“推力”与城市之“拉力”下,进入城市,他们能否完成由农民到市民的历史蜕变,是关系到我国的现代化与和谐社会建设的重大问题。由于后发展国家政府导向的前瞻性与我国的国情及时代之要求,我们不能走西方国家的自然转化之路,只能发挥后发优势,由政府与社会对此历史进程加以“助力”,使之在较短时间内顺利完成此历史蜕变。     

Defining the linear portion of a sigmoid‐shaped curve: bend points

Formulae are provided that define the ‘bend points’, the beginning and end of the essentially linear dose–response region, for the four‐parameter logistic model. The formulae are expressed in both response and dose units. The derivation of the formulae is shown in order to illustrate the general nature of the methodology. Examples are given that describe how the formulae may be used while planning and conducting bioassays. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

科学执政、民主执政中的依法执政基本途径

依法执政或依法行政,作为执政方式最为直接、最为具体的基本实践环节或途径,在相当范围内反映着科学执政、民主执政的实现程度。这取决于《行政许可法》不打折扣地坚决实施,政府的依法执政职能方式从重管制向重服务转变;职能范围从“全能”向“有限”回归;职能性质由“专断”走向真正“民主”;职能习惯从主观随意转向严格的法治。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

On the preservation of copula structure under truncation

The author characterizes the copula associated with the bivariate survival model of Clayton (1978) as the only absolutely continuous copula that is preserved under bivariate truncation.     

基于BPR的组织学习

BPR是组织在适应快速变化环境中最常用且最具革命性的方法,它能很好地促进组织进行创新性学习。本文旨在聚焦于BPR活动中的项目组和指导委员会来研究BPR在项目初始、分析和再设计阶段中通过流程定位和确定顾客偏好来促进组织学习问题,从而提出并建立一种组织学习的BPR方法促进论。