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11.
John R. Walker 《Journal of Labor Research》2009,30(3):269-288
Data collected on self-employed women and men in one county allow examination of work effort, housework effort, housework
hours, and preference for flexible work on earnings. Regressions indicate housework effort of self-employed women contributes
to their lower earnings. Housework hours do not supporting the view women select self-employment to find flexible work. Housework
hours do reduce the earnings of self-employed men, which could reflect their stronger commitment to housework combined with
less flexible work. A Oaxaca decomposition suggests less tenure and greater housework effort are important contributors to
lower earnings of self-employed women. Ranges that measure earnings may contribute to the insignificance of work effort, normalized
work effort, and preference for flexible work hours. (J16, J23)
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John R. WalkerEmail: |
12.
Kræn Blume Mette Ejrnæs Helena Skyt Nielsen Allan Würtz 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):881-908
In developed countries, immigrants are more likely to be nonemployed and self-employed compared to natives. Based on register
data of male immigrants in Denmark, we performed a detailed investigation of the immigrant–native difference in transition
patterns across labor market states. We find that a high proportion of immigrants from non-Western countries tend to be marginalized
relative to natives, and they tend to use self-employment to escape marginalization.
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Allan WürtzEmail: |
13.
《European Management Journal》2019,37(3):376-386
This paper presents the review and discussion of terminology and criteria describing the self-employment phenomenon. We attempt to give a conceptually and empirically grounded categorisation of self-employment forms for this heterogeneous and constantly changing group. An abundance of definitions and conceptualisations of self-employment exists and makes data collection and statistical comparisons for this group unreliable, if at all meaningful. In order to produce sound, reliable comparative studies on the self-employed population, researchers will eventually be required to agree on a universal and internationally consistent definitions and a structured categorisation. Such determinations are also essential for practical purposes such as establishing or enforcing the taxation regulations.In our study, the systematic analysis of selected data from 253 various publications was performed. We gave an overview of different approaches to the problem of identification and differentiation of self-employed. An ordered list of criteria used for these purposes has been compiled. We concluded that the set of five categories with most salient characteristics reflects well the composition of the self-employed population: freelancers (ipros), innovators, traditional small business owners (including farmers), dependent self-employed and hybrid self-employed. We discuss the perspective on further studies and need for integration of research approaches in view of increasing role of the new forms of self-employment in global economy. 相似文献