创业大学生社会融合现状及社会支持体系的构建

在大学生就业观发生巨变的今天,创业大学生在实现社会融合方面将面临生活场域和行为方式的重大转变。由于受大学生自身创业综合素质、创业外部环境的支持力度、创业收入回报和创业社会声望等方面因素影响,创业大学生的社会融合度降低,创业成功率不高。营造良好的创业氛围、塑造宽松的创业环境、提供积极的创业支持,构建一个科学有效的社会支持体系,对于促进创业大学生的社会融合和创业创新人才的培养都有着极为重要的意义。     

社会发展道德成本论

本文从分析人类行为产生的利益基础和道德的经济特性入手,论证了社会发展中道德成本的存在和实施道德优化调控的必要与可能。并通过对社会政治、经济、生活的道德成本问题进行分析,指出道德成本优化要通过唤起道德自觉、完善保障条件、营造道德氛围等途径完成。     

社会转型期社会矛盾调处机制的系统建构——以“十一五”期间江苏徐州地区为研究场域

“十一五”期间,江苏徐州地区经济呈跨越式发展,社会处于急剧转型时期,以经济利益矛盾为主要形态的社会矛盾显著增多,各类社会纠纷数量持续高位运行。这在全国具有一定的典型代表性。针对社会转型时期社会矛盾的主要特征,调处社会矛盾必须坚持以人为本与社会公平、利益均衡与利益共享、民主法治与安定有序、政府主导与社会合作的基本原则,建立健全社会矛盾调处的责任分担机制、源头治理机制、多元化解机制和工作运行机制,推动经济社会的和谐发展与共同进步。     

网络社群意见表达失范现象的探析与应对——基于微博特定语境的思考

微博凭借强大的集聚效应,为群体的形成提供了便利条件,已经成为虚拟社会公众实施意见表达的首选载体。基于微博语境下的网络社群,其意见表达经常会因结社自由和言论自由失控泛滥而出现失范,引发出了对网络社群意见表达的批判性思考。功利意识、责任缺失、无序传播和情绪失控,降低了网络社群意见表达的有效性、可信性、可控性和合理性,需通过加强网络社群文化建设、强化制度体系的创新与供给、构建多元主体协同治理模式、提升网络社群的表达均衡、推进网络生态文明建设等途径加以应对,从而促进虚拟社会的繁荣与稳定。     

老年服刑人员:社会工作面临的挑战

随着人口老龄化的加剧,老年人口数量不断增加。由于各种各样的因素老年服刑人员在比例和数量方面都有所增长。这些老化的监狱人口产生了一系列政治和实践问题,其中包括正义的考虑、成本控制问题和生理-心理-社会护理需要。老年服刑人员的生理、社会和心理需求是复杂的而且需要以老年病学为基础提供系统服务。为此,应该发挥社会工作的专业优势,帮助这些脆弱群体顺利度过老年。     

Urban African American Pre-Adolescent Social Problem Solving Skills

Summary

The results of two studies focusing on the social problem solving skills of African American preadolescent youth are detailed. In the first study data from a sample of 150 African American children, ages 9 to 11 years, was used to examine the association between type of youth social problem solving approaches applied to hypothetical risk situations and time spent in unsupervised peer situations of sexual possibility. Findings revealed that children with more exposure to sexual possibility situations generated a wider range of social problem solving strategies, but these approaches tended to be unrealistic and ambiguous. Further, there was a positive association between the amount of time spent unsupervised and youth difficulty formulating a definitive response to hypothetical peer pressure situations. Children with less exposure to sexual possibility situations tended to be more aggressive when approaching situations of peer pressure. In the second study, data from a non-overlapping sample of 164 urban, African American adult caregivers and their 9 to 11 year old children was examined in order to explore the associations between child gender, family-level factors including family communication frequency and intensity, time spent in situations of sexual possibility, and youth social problem solving approaches. Results revealed that children were frequently using constructive problem solving and help seeking behaviors when confronted by difficult social situations and that there was a significant relationship between the frequency and intensity of parent child communication and youth help seeking social problem solving approaches. Implications for research and family-based interventions are highlighted.     

Girl Power,Mainstreaming and Critical Mass: Women's Leadership and Policy Paradigm Shift in Germany's Red-Green Coalition, 1998–20021

SUMMARY

Women's increased presence in German government since 1998 testifies to generational change, as well as to the completion of a gender-specific “long march through the institutions.” Securing more than 30% of the Bundestag seats, female lawmakers also reached critical mass in the Red-Green Cabinet, a coalition of the Social Democratic and Green Parties formed in 1998. This study of ministerial feminism, 1998–2002, shows that women are making a difference in Germany; these leaders have initiated paradigm shifts “bigger than the sum of the parts” insofar as national equality policies are reinforced at the European Union level, thanks to gender mainstreaming. Bolstered by new anti-discrimination articles in the Amsterdam Treaty, these women have undertaken strategic reforms in areas of gender and justice; research and technology; family and career; health, welfare and consumer protection; sustainable development, foreign aid, migration and human rights. Women have profited from supranational integration, in part because European Union decision-making builds on an inclusive concept of “power with,” in contrast to the traditional national exercise of “power over.”     

The Policy Transfer Model

ABSTRACT

“New” social welfare policies are often actually policies borrowed from other states or nations. This paper reviews the recent theoretical developments in understanding the processes of policy transfer and presents a “policy transfer” model that can be a useful heuristic tool for social workers engaged in policy making. It discusses how the field of social work can benefit from understanding the factors underlying successful and unsuccessful policy transfer, and argues for the inclusion of the study of policy transfer in social welfare policy courses.     

国内外社会信用奖惩机制对上海的启示

上海社会信用奖惩机制进一步完善的方向:要完善"一处守信,处处受益;一处失信,处处受制"的社会诚信体系;要更新和完善信用立法及相关管理制度;要大力推动公共联合征信平台的建设、完善和推广应用;要积极培育和壮大信用服务业。     

创新社会管理背景下的上海社区建设研究

当前上海社会管理面临的主要问题在于:快速城市化和大规模人口流动使社会管理与公共服务的空间布局出现失衡;城市产业升级和转型发展使社会管理与服务的多样化供给压力增大;利益格局急剧变革导致维护社会稳定的压力长期存在;社会急剧分化和人口高度异质性使社会再组织化和社会体制创新的任务更加繁重。上海社区建设必须立足城市发展全局,有效回应城市人口重新分布和复杂社会结构中蕴含的多重矛盾和问题,顺应健全社会管理新格局的基本要求。在承继上海社区建设传统和借鉴国内外经验基础上,从破解城郊社区建设难题、满足多样化社区需求、适应差异性社区类型等方面提升能力,寻求体制创新和活力激发的新突破。