县域社会工作委员会职能的行使路径——以“专业社会工作者的工作模式”为发展方向

当前中国社会工作的发展之重点不在于盲目的扩大专业社会工作者人才队伍的规模,而更在于立足于现在已经存在的社会工作者岗位如何发挥出应有的作用,并随之提高社会工作者的职业声望。从而,基层社会工作委员会的工作内容和工作方式的明确化问题的解决已经迫在眉睫。本文提出县级社会工作委员会应采用专业社会工作者的工作模式,走出一条符合中国实际的社会工作专业化、职业化的道路。     

社会工作介入信访实践的拓展性探讨

随着现代化、城市化进程的加快,我国社会各群体正处于利益格局调整阶段,社会问题数量增多,且冲突化的趋势愈加明显。传统信访工作遵循以至上而下为主的工作逻辑,仅仅依靠思想政治宣传教育、行政管理作为主要工作模式,已经不能适应当前中国社会的发展。本文从助人自助的社会工作价值判断出发,分析社会工作与信访工作的内在联系,凸显社会工作对信访工作理念的完善和案件技术支持的功能,认识社会工作介入信访实践的重要性。     

关于《社会保障统计学》课程教学改革的探讨

随着健全社会保障制度体系的步伐不断加快,传统的社会保障统计学的教学已经不能满足专业人员培养的需要。针对社会保障统计学的教学特点,从教学观念、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段及教学成果考核五个方面,对如何激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生统计思维能力,使学生能够较好地运用统计方法解决实际问题提出了有益的建议。     

社会转型期择业价值取向的现状、归因——基于对高校大学生的实证调查

文章通过实证调查,分析了社会转型期大学生择业价值取向的现状,具体表现为择业主体意识自我化、择业标准趋向现实化、择业价值取向呈现功用化、多元化和矛盾化,以及择业观渐趋成熟。究其原因,在于当代大学生的职业选择受到转型社会利益结构重组、社会制度变革、文化价值变迁以及价值环境多元的深刻影响。进而对当代大学生择业价值取向的价值导引做些思考。     

试论杨增新的民族语言观念

维吾尔和汉民族的语言在新疆社会生活中居于主导地位,其语言在社会中的使用价值最大,社会功能最强,影响的社会层面最广。杨增新将语言沟通作为诉诸政府行为的资源,有效进行社会管理,对新疆社会的稳定发挥了特殊的作用。     

哈萨克族幼子继承制的遗存与变迁——以紫泥泉种羊场为例

文章通过田野调查,从人类学的角度描述哈萨克族幼子继承制的遗存及其变迁。生产生活方式,养儿防老的观念,遵循先民习俗是幼子继承制长期存在的原因。哈萨克族家庭成员很少为分配财产发生矛盾,这其中幼子继承制发挥了重要的作用,它还起到了平衡利益和老有所养的社会功能。     

社会转型对农村籍大学生的成才影响

来自农村的大学生有着与来自城市不尽相同的人生经历和社会背景,在日常学习和生活中关注他们的思想动态,根据当前社会条件对他们进行教育引导,促进他们的健康成长,是构建社会主义和谐社会对高校教育提出的时代要求。通过分析在这个特定历史阶段下农村大学生在学习方式、生活模式、心理健康、择业就业等方面受到的影响,有针对性地就农村大学生的角色调适性提出相应的建议。     

The governance of social enterprises: Mission drift and accountability challenges in hybrid organizations

We examine the challenges of governance facing organizations that pursue a social mission through the use of market mechanisms. These hybrid organizations, often referred to as social enterprises, combine aspects of both charity and business at their core. In this paper we distinguish between two ideal types of such hybrids, differentiated and integrated, and we conceptualize two key challenges of governance they face: accountability for dual performance objectives and accountability to multiple principal stakeholders. We revisit the potential and limitations of recently introduced legal forms to address these challenges. We then theorize about the importance of organizational governance and the role of governing boards in particular, in prioritizing and aligning potentially conflicting objectives and interests in order to avoid mission drift and to maintain organizational hybridity in social enterprises. Finally, we discuss future research directions and the implications of this work for rethinking traditional categories of organizations, namely business and charity.     

Work as a cure for mental illnesses? Opportunism and seeking ways in psychology and psychiatry in the first decades of state socialism in Hungary

ABSTRACT

In Hungary, until the end of the 1940s, there were two main established methods of occupying the mentally ill who were fit for work. From the end of the nineteenth century, a lesser number of patients underwent work therapy in mental asylums, whereas the others were treated with so-called family therapy (otherwise known as the heterofamilial system), exploiting the capacities of families in the countryside. As an important part of this, the mentally ill helped in housekeeping and agricultural work. However, following the political and ideological turn of 1948, the latter form of treatment became debated, and then it was gradually superseded. Parallel to this process, work therapy came to be the most popular type of treatment for mental illnesses, as work formed the basis of the ideology of the communist state, and thus, healing through work harmonized with the general tendencies of the era. This article examines texts related to work therapy published in neurological–psychiatric and psychological journals and monographs between 1954 and 1964. However, although work therapy appeared to be the “handmaiden of ideology,” and even though it was supposed to fulfil a particular role, in reality, the role and perception of work therapy were a lot more complicated.     

Neo‐liberalism by Decay? The Evolution of the Czech Welfare State

In this article we analyse the evolution of the Czech welfare state and we examine the factors explaining its path. We show that although the Czech welfare regime exhibits a 'mixed profile' that includes conservative and universalist elements, it is increasingly moving in a more liberal, residualist direction – not because of conscious steps but rather through decay. Governments have often zig-zagged in their policies and resorted to symbolic reforms at times rather than implementing ideologically based, consistent policies. We argue that historical and sociological institutionalism combined with a social-capital approach can explain this decay better than the more common arguments about economic pressures combined with ideological hegemony or the protest-avoidance strategy. In particular, the social capital approach adds to our institutional framework by explaining why cutbacks in welfare programmes have not met much opposition, even though public opinion surveys consistently show support for more generous welfare policies, and why policies have deviated so much from political rhetoric.