基于大数据的宁夏语言景观研究

语言景观作为一种城市形象传播的符号和载体,在公共空间的信息传递中扮演着重要角色。宁夏城市语言景观中,自上而下的语言景观折射出官方对待汉语和英语语言权势的态度,自下而上的语言景观则从私人领域的视角反映了语言景观的经济性与文化认同。私人标牌与官方标牌呈现出一致的语言认同,宁夏银川市七个区域的词汇网络图表明私人标牌更注重标牌语言的经济性。     

In the shade of a forest status,reputation, and ambiguity in an online microcredit market

Scholars have long recognized status and reputation as pervasive forces reproducing comparative advantage in social and economic systems. Yet, due in part to methodological challenges, relatively few studies have examined how status and reputation interact. We use data from an online market for peer-to-peer lending to study independent and joint effects of status and reputation on borrowers’ success at obtaining loans. First, we find a positive main effect of status, even when reputational signals are reliable and abundant. Second, we find that status matters the most for borrowers with moderate (rather than high or low) reputations, suggesting a curvilinear effect of status x reputation on loans. These results support the idea that status matters not only under conditions of too little information that creates information asymmetry, as typically assumed, but also under conditions of abundant information and too many choices that creates ambiguity about how to evaluate candidates.     

How does language affect decision-making in social interactions and decision biases?

This paper investigates how communication in a particular language affects decision-making in social interactions and risk preferences. We test two competing hypotheses: the cognitive accessibility hypothesis, and the expectation-based hypothesis. The cognitive accessibility hypothesis argues that communication in a particular language will activate the underlying cultural frame and affect behavior. The expectation-based hypothesis argues that different languages will induce different expectations regarding the choices of others and affect behavior. We test these two hypotheses using an extensive range of behaviors in a set of incentivized experiments with bilingual subjects in Chinese and English. We find that the subjects are more prosocial in strategic interaction games (trust games) when the experiments are conducted in Chinese. However, no treatment effects are observed in the individual choice games on social preference. The results are more in line with the expectation-based hypothesis.     

Problems with the measures of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptom frequency in The Standard Shiftwork Index

The measures of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health in The Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI; Barton, Costa, Smith, Spelten, Totterdell, and Folkard, 1995) purport to measure the frequency of 19 related symptoms using a 4-point rating scale, with response categories expressed in terms of a relative frequency: 'almost never', 'quite seldom', 'quite often', and 'almost always'. The present pilot study examined the relationship between frequency ratings of 11 gastrointestinal and 8 cardiovascular symptoms made on the SSI 4-point scale, and ratings of the same symptoms made on an alternative 9-point rating scale, which had response categories that were expressed in terms of an absolute value of symptom frequency (e.g. 'once a week'). Results obtained from a sample of 56 non-shiftworkers showed that the correlations between the two response formats were not high for any of the 11 gastrointestinal or 8 cardiovascular symptoms. Three of the relationships were non-significant. In addition, substantial variability in the interpretation of the response categories was detected between symptom items pertaining to both the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular subscales. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the current system of scoring individual symptom items, and the current aims within shiftwork research.     

The configuration of a status based model of economic actors: The case of Spanish government debt market

This paper analyses the social structure of the government debt market in Spain from a social network analysis approach. The relational analysis has been limited to the case of the syndicate issuances that took place between 2002 and 2015 and the process whereby lead manager banks choose their partners to underwrite the issue. The main contribution of this paper is the identification of social tie patterns between market participants and their structural equivalence in the market. Furthermore, it reveals how status operates in the market, conferring advantages on those actors with optimum positioning.     

Like strangers we trust: Identity and generic affiliation networks

Sociological research on collective behavior provides strong evidence for the sources of collective action and shared attitudes based on overlapping experience. We know, for example, that members of social movement organizations are likely to share similar beliefs. However, a significant portion of the prior research on shared behaviors or attitudes analyzes individuals who do not know one another. This research using large surveys often infers overlapping experience based on generic connections: People in unions generally or church groups generally are likely to hold similar beliefs or engage in similar behaviors as if they were in the same unions or church groups. In this paper, I challenge this simple inference by arguing that the generic affiliations we hold contribute to our identity. Specifically, our identities can, in part, be seen as a network of overlapping roles based on generic affiliations. Findings indicate the importance of considering generic affiliation networks when modeling trust and political partisanship. Individuals who share multiple affiliations often appear to be similar to one another along a number of socio-demographic dimensions and report similar attitudes. Conclusions highlight the promise and challenge of relational approaches to social life.     

How Dresses Can Make You Mentally Ill: Examining Gender Identity Disorder in Children

This paper examines the diagnostic category of Gender Identity Disorder in Children (GIDC) and its evolution. It also critiques the continued use of GIDC on conceptual, psychometric, and ethical grounds. Gender atypicality is a social construction that varies over time according to culture and social class and therefore should not be pathologized.     

2005级学生综合素质现状调查与分析

根据学生综合素质构成要素,以学生家庭背景、基本素质、伦理观念三大要素为主要考察内容,对山西农业大学资源环境学院2005级新生综合素质现状进行了认真的问卷调查,并对调查结果进行了全面系统的分析,在此基础上提出了具有客观依据和更有针对性的学生工作基本思路和对策。     

中国革制品设计的现状与展望

当前,我国革制品行业自主开发能力弱、品种雷同、设计人才缺乏、设计创新能力不强。本文认为,惟有以设计为出发点,在自主创新、品牌建设、人才培养等方面加以改进,注重设计的针对性与功能性,坚持产学研结合,培育区域品牌,才能促进革制品行业核心竞争力的提升和持续发展。     

Negotiating the Digital Closet: Online Pseudonymity and the Politics of Sexual Identity

Online surveillance interferes with the individual's ability to control their expressive identity - to determine the scope of the social context in which their activities are to be seen and interpreted. Entrepreneurs have responded to these concerns by offering pseudonymizers, which employ cryptographic techniques to allow users to create several unlinkable personae and choose among them when engaging in various online interactions. This article investigates the tension between pseudonymity as a design paradigm for privacy technologies and as a lived practice for users. Because coming out - strategic revelation and the claiming of identity - has been at the core of the gay liberation movement, this article posits a politically and sexually active gay professional man as an ideal user of pseudonymity software, and places the design logic of pseudonymity within that particular set of social understandings. It reveals the conflicts, contradictions and trade-offs inherent in that use. Pseudonymity permits a very strong control of identity. It permits the user to segregate his public performances, and to engage in public debate without fear of bodily retribution. However, it is all but useless as a means of controlling the social context of those performances. It requires that decisions about self-presentation in certain contexts be made in ignorance of who is sharing that context, and with what resources or purpose. While it promotes the production of multiple selves, those selves are not easily lent to practices of intimacy or community. Pseudonymity also facilitates profiling practices that define and reify classes of people, even as it protects the individual from some of the repercussions of being defined as part of that class. In short, pseudonymity software is informed by a politics of heroics rather than of community.