斯德哥尔摩综合症:表现、成因和应对

斯德哥尔摩综合症的命名,缘于发生在斯德哥尔摩的一起银行抢劫案.在这次事件中,作为人质的银行职员产生了对绑匪的认同,他们害怕警察甚于害怕绑匪.这种受害者与施虐者之间"被误置"的情感联结,还体现在许多不平等的权力关系中,如受暴妇女与丈夫、奴隶与奴隶主、第二次世界大战时期的犹太人与纳粹军官.文章以全球风险社会作为背景,探讨了斯德哥尔摩综合症的典型表现及其成因,并尝试基于认知失调论和社会认同论来进行替代解释.最后简要呈现了受害者、警察、心理医生和家庭的相关应对策略.     

An Examination of the Perceptions of Organizational Politics Model: Replication and Extension

This study examined the Perceptions of PoliticsModel (Ferris, Russ, & Fandt, 1989) in a three-phaseprocess. In the first phase, the model was examinedusing Anderson and Gerbing's (1988) two-step approach to structural equations modeling. Themodel was tested on data collected from 786 employees ofa state government agency and 469 employees of anelectric utility cooperative. Results from this phase indicated that the model had acceptablefit and was more parsimonious than any of the competingmodels to which it was compared. In the second phase,understanding as a moderator of the relationships between perceptions of organizational politicsand several outcome variables was examined. Resultsindicated that understanding only moderated the outcomerelationship between politics and job satisfaction, not intent to turnover or job anxiety. Finally,in phase three, the additional outcome variables oforganizational satisfaction, supervisor effectiveness,and self-reported individual performance were included in an effort to expand the Ferris et al. (1989)framework. Additionally, the moderating effects ofunderstanding on the relationships between perceptionsof politics and these new outcome variables were explored. Results from the final step indicatedthat adding the new outcome variables increased theparsimonyof the model without decreasing model fit. Withrespect to the moderating effects, only thepolitics-performance relationship was moderated byunderstanding.Allof these results are discussed in light of theirimplications for future research.     

Konfliktcoaching in der Gruppe Trainingskonzept und Erfahrungsbericht

Conflict coaching in groups. A training concept and a case study The following article lines out and discusses the main contents of a workshop on conflict coaching in groups: focussing on conflict and conflict related issues, relaxation training, forms of targeting, solving strategies, cognitive restructuring and personal change processes. The experience shows, that conflict coaching can be very well practised in a group setting.     

心理健康教学中的心理训练

在《大学生心理学》课堂教学中结合系统的心理训练 ,并在教学前后对学生施测了《症状自评量表》(SCL - 90 )。结果证实学生们做到了心理学理性知识和感性知识的良好结合 ,在自我意识、人际关系、压力应对等方面有了实质性的进步。证明了在课堂教学中配合相应的心理训练是心理健康教育的一种有效方式     

新疆维吾尔族大学生压力及应对特点

使用《青少年自评生活事件量表》和《应付方式问卷》对新疆837名维吾尔族大学生进行调查。发现以下问题：维吾尔族大学二年级学生比其它年级学生承担更多的学习压力、健康适应压力;多数维吾尔族大学生能积极地应对压力,但低年级维吾尔族大学生比高年级学生更多地采用自责和幻想的应对方式;维吾尔族男生比维吾尔族女生承担更多的人际关系等诸多方面的压力,更多地使用退避和合理化的应对方式。     

Waiting: integrating social and psychological perspectives in operations management

Waiting time is an important issue in service operations management because of its impact on customer satisfaction and operations capabilities. This paper examines waiting time from a social and psychological perspective. It provides a conceptual framework which identifies social and psychological factors that affect perceptions of waiting. The conceptual framework enables service managers to rethink operational issues, such as layout design, process choices, and service delivery from customers’ perceptions of waiting. Assimilation–contrast theory suggests that perceived waiting time be linked to expected waiting time and its gap leads to customers’ overall evaluation of service. A customer’s willingness to accept delay is related to the causes for delay as explained by attribution theory. Approaching waiting time from a stress management theory, this paper provides service managers with various stress-reduction mechanisms such as giving customers advance notice of expected waiting time, speeding up pre-process waiting time, and acknowledging customers’ rights to quick service. These practical suggestions can aid service managers in reducing perceived waiting time, enhancing customers’ waiting experience, and improving queue management.     

Dealing with too much

In the paper, I address three issues that were often missing in the discussion of overflow: (1) A large quantity (of objects, information, etc.) is a condition that is necessary, but not sufficient for feeling overwhelmed; (2) Dealing with a large amount of incoming information is easier if we use subjectively unquestionable (because shared with other people) criteria; (3) The length of exposure to overflow of information. I present the results of analyses that support the role of motivation and shared values in feeling overwhelmed. I also discuss the individual differences in dealing with overflow, as some of us cope with “too much” better than others.     

Effects of interventions for women and their partners to reduce or prevent stress and anxiety: A systematic review

BackgroundThe period from conception to two years postpartum (the first 1000 days) represents a normative transitional period, which can be potentially stressful for some parents. Parental stress and anxiety adversely impacts psychological and physical health for parents and children.AimThe aim of this review is to systematically examine effects of interventions for women and their partners to reduce or prevent stress and/or anxiety during the first 1000 days.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Maternity and Infant Care were searched from inception to March 2019. Randomised controlled trials examining intervention effects on parental stress and/or anxiety during first 1000 days were eligible for inclusion. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and narratively synthesised.FindingsFifteen interventions, reported in 16 studies, met inclusion criteria (n = 1911 participants). Overall, findings were inconsistent and the majority of trials demonstrated high risk of bias. Interventions were predominantly delivered to women during pregnancy and only two studies included fathers. There was some evidence that adapting interventions to the pre and postnatal periods provided benefits for stress and anxiety reduction, however there was limited evidence for individual intervention types or approaches.ConclusionsThere is currently inconsistent evidence of what interventions are most effective for women during the first 1000 days and there is insufficient evidence for any interventions for male partners during this period. There is a clear need for rigorous development and examination of interventions developed specifically to reduce or prevent stress and/or anxiety across the first 1000 days.     

Stress–strength reliability of a non-identical-component-strengths system based on upper record values from the family of Kumaraswamy generalized distributions

In an attempt to produce more realistic stress–strength models, this article considers the estimation of stress–strength reliability in a multi-component system with non-identical component strengths based on upper record values from the family of Kumaraswamy generalized distributions. The maximum likelihood estimator of the reliability, its asymptotic distribution and asymptotic confidence intervals are constructed. Bayes estimates under symmetric squared error loss function using conjugate prior distributions are computed and corresponding highest probability density credible intervals are also constructed. In Bayesian estimation, Lindley approximation and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method are employed due to lack of explicit forms. For the first time using records, the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and the closed form of Bayes estimator using conjugate and non-informative priors are derived for a common and known shape parameter of the stress and strength variates distributions. Comparisons of the performance of the estimators are carried out using Monte Carlo simulations, the mean squared error, bias and coverage probabilities. Finally, a demonstration is presented on how the proposed model may be utilized in materials science and engineering with the analysis of high-strength steel fatigue life data.     

Effect of Pet Dogs on Children's Perceived Stress and Cortisol Stress Response

The present study tested whether pet dogs have stress‐buffering effects for children during a validated laboratory‐based protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST‐C). Participants were 101 children aged 7–12 years with their primary caregivers and pet dogs. Children were randomly assigned in the TSST‐C to a pet present condition or one of two comparison conditions: parent present or no support figure present. Baseline, response, and recovery indices of perceived stress and cortisol levels were computed based on children's self‐reported feelings of stress and salivary cortisol. Results indicated that in the alone (no social support) condition, children showed the expected rise for both perceived stress and cortisol response to stress. Pet dog presence significantly buffered the perceived stress response in comparison to children in the alone and parent present conditions. No main condition effect was observed for cortisol; however, for children experiencing the stressor with their pet present, lower cortisol response to stress was associated with more child‐initiated petting and less dog proximity‐seeking behavior. The results support the notion that pet dogs can provide socio‐emotional benefits for children via stress buffering.