科学技术学:一门正在兴起的学科

当代中国,科学技术学的建立不仅是必要的,也是可能的。科学技术学不是要取代自然辩证法,而是自然辩证法的延伸和拓展。作为自然辩证法指导下的一门新兴学科,科学技术学以科学技术整体为研究对象,从宏观上研究科学技术的本质、社会功能以及形成和发展的规律,其目的是使科学技术真正造福于人类。     

中国高等教育溯源—论北洋西学学堂、南洋公学和京师大学堂的创建

中国近代教育最早出现于18世纪40年代,它是由外国教会举办的一些学堂,其中有些学堂后来发展为著名的大学,但这些大学并不完全符合中国当局和民众对于国家独立、民族自强的发展愿望.直至19世纪90年代,中国逐渐出现了北洋西学学堂,南洋公学和京师大学堂,产生了中国近代大、中、小学和师范学校的系统学制.这是中国近代教育事业的划时代的创举.     

The Severity of Supply Chain Disruptions: Design Characteristics and Mitigation Capabilities

Supply chain disruptions and the associated operational and financial risks represent the most pressing concern facing firms that compete in today's global marketplace. Extant research has not only confirmed the costly nature of supply chain disruptions but has also contributed relevant insights on such related issues as supply chain risks, vulnerability, resilience, and continuity. In this conceptual note, we focus on a relatively unexplored issue, asking and answering the question of how and why one supply chain disruption would be more severe than another. In doing so, we argue, de facto, that supply chain disruptions are unavoidable and, as a consequence, that all supply chains are inherently risky. Employing a multiple‐method, multiple‐source empirical research design, we derive novel insights, presented as six propositions that relate the severity of supply chain disruptions (i) to the three supply chain design characteristics of density, complexity, and node criticality and (ii) to the two supply chain mitigation capabilities of recovery and warning. These findings not only augment existing knowledge related to supply chain risk, vulnerability, resilience, and business continuity planning but also call into question the wisdom of pursuing such practices as supply base reduction, global sourcing, and sourcing from supply clusters.     

阮元《研经室集》集外文辑佚

《研经室集》是清代著名学者阮元的文集,卷次浩繁,随所增补,散佚之文不在少数。中华书局近年来出版的校点本是目前最完备的本子,但也不无遗珠之憾,这里试作补辑,为文史研究者或者将来修订《研经室集》提供参考。     

Effecting Change through Peace Research in a Methodological ‘No-Man’s Land’: A Case Study of West Papua

This article reflects upon the disciplinary and ethical challenges I have navigated as an ethnographer in the academic ‘no-man’s land’ of West Papua-related research. I contend that the peace and conflict studies concept of conflict transformation articulates productively with a critical ethnographic methodology, assisting me in charting a research path. Using examples from my own research relating to West Papua’s independence movement I argue that the ethnographer’s role is powerful and carries attendant responsibilities to research participants and to the world of knowledge for increasing peace with justice. This article provides a case study example of how researching the ways the vulnerable interpret the world can be an act of justice, arguing that emergent critical interpretations are essential to preparing the world for long-lasting, positive change.     

Emergency Department Staff Planning to Improve Patient Care and Reduce Costs

In the face of high staffing costs, uncertain patient arrivals, and patients unsatisfied with long wait times, staffing of medical emergency departments (EDs) is a vexing problem. Using empirical data collected from three active EDs, we develop an analytic model to provide an effective staffing plan for EDs. Patient demand is aggregated into discrete time buckets and used to model the stochastic distribution of patient demand within these buckets, which considerably improves model tractability. This model is capable of scheduling providers with different skill profiles who work either individually or in teams, and with patients of varying acuity levels. We show how our model helps to balance staffing costs and patient service levels, and how it facilitates examination of important ED staffing policies.     

阿联酋旅游业发展模式研究

为减少对石油收入的依赖,阿联酋自20世纪八十年代起实施经济多元化战略。其中,发展旅游业是其实施经济多元化战略的重要一环。各酋长国根据自身特点制定旅游发展战略,并采取各种措施积极营销,推出旅游精品,吸引国内外游客,形成市场需求国际化、投资主体多元化、以及豪华、奢侈、免税等特点。旅游业在阿联酋经济中已占据越来越重要的地位。本文通过对阿联酋旅游业发展历程的分析和总结,认为阿联酋旅游业以发展城市游为主,主要分为"国际驿站游"、"文化游"、"节庆游"、"休闲度假游"、"购物游"、"体育赛事游"、"公务游"、"城市观光游"、"事件游"、"游轮游"等十种模式。     

从法国穆斯林移民的生存现状透视法国的移民模式

法国季节性人口迁移由来已久,且迁移的地域遍及欧洲。欧洲国家对人口迁徙情况进行清查和评估始于1805年法兰西第一帝国时期,当时实行以“血统主义”为原则的国籍制度,其用意在于保证拿破仑军队充足的兵源,这与后来共和政体实行的“属地主义”原则相对立。21世纪初,移民问题成为法国对内政策面临的一大挑战,它与公共安全、国民身份认同、就业市场、欧盟公共事务政策的制订以及在第二代移民中实现法国模式的“共和”与“非宗教化”的融合等重大问题息息相关。欧洲国家之间与欧洲国家之外的人口迁移5I发以下问题：欧洲居民的原国籍问题、法国国籍问题、法国公民权的行使问题以及在重组后的家庭种族构成愈加复杂的条件下个人身份的构建问题等。     

《濂溪志》版本述略

周敦颐思想在中国思想史上地位承上启下,是宋明理学的奠基者。以收集整理周子作品、传、表、族谱、世系、祠堂、书院及后儒论断、吟咏之作为主要内容的濂溪志,是研究周子的宝贵材料。目前国内现存的濂溪志版本共有八种,即：明代胥从化版《濂溪志》十卷、明代李桢版《濂溪志》九卷、明代周沈珂、周之翰版《周元公世系遗芳集》五卷、明代李嵊慈版《濂溪志》十三卷、清代吴大镕版《周公濂溪周夫子志》十六卷、清代周诰版《濂溪志》七卷、清代周诰版《濂溪遗芳集》二卷和清代彭玉麟版《希贤录》二卷。