The media of sociology: tight or loose translations?

Sociologists have increasingly come to recognize that the discipline has unduly privileged textual representations, but efforts to incorporate visual and other media are still only in their beginning. This paper develops an analysis of the ways objects of knowledge are translated into other media, in order to understand the visual practices of sociology and to point out unused possibilities. I argue that the discourse on visual sociology, by assuming that photographs are less objective than text, is based on an asymmetric media‐determinism and on a misleading notion of objectivity. Instead, I suggest to analyse media with the concept of translations. I introduce several kinds of translations, most centrally the distinction between tight and loose ones. I show that many sciences, such as biology, focus on tight translations, using a variety of media and manipulating both research objects and representations. Sociology, in contrast, uses both tight and loose translations, but uses the latter only for texts. For visuals, sociology restricts itself to what I call ‘the documentary’: focusing on mechanical recording technologies without manipulating either the object of research or the representation. I conclude by discussing three rare examples of what is largely excluded in sociology: visual loose translations, visual tight translations based on non‐mechanical recording technologies, and visual tight translations based on mechanical recording technologies that include the manipulation of both object and representation.     

‘Wishing to go it alone’: the complicated interplay of independence,interdependence and agency

Some individuals with disabilities for whom verbal speech is not reliable use facilitated communication to express thoughts and ideas. While they may require intensive physical support initially, the goal is independent typing. However, this emphasis on fading support and independence bears consideration. We utilize a Disability Studies lens to frame practices around independence and the complicated interplay between interdependence, agency and voice. Based on qualitative analysis of communication training sessions, we present four findings: the complexity of the message versus fading of physical support, the emotional dimensions of independence, the facilitator’s navigation of multiple roles, and the importance of facilitating agency. We also share implications of reframing independence and facilitating agency for the communication training process.     

“语言服务业”与“语言服务学”

对比"语言应用"与"语言服务"的异同可知,语言学要为社会服务,为大众服务,为时代服务,就必须创立起一个新兴的产业"语言服务业",并且建立起一门新兴的学科"语言服务学"。基于无偿服务与有偿服务的需求和特点,文章提出了六大语言服务门类以及建立"语言服务公司"的构想。     

木欣欣以向荣，泉涓涓而始流——阿拉伯语学科建设30年回眸

中国的阿拉伯语学科建设经过30年的发展，取得了前所未有的进步。本文结合作者多年来从事阿拉伯语和中东研究领域教学科研工作的经历和体会，对阿拉伯语学科建设、团队建设和未来的挑战与机遇提出了一些看法，只有坚持走学科内涵发展的道路，重视学术团队的建设，抓住机遇，迎接挑战，才能更上一个新台阶，迎来欣欣向荣的局面。     

文翁化蜀的历史反思

文翁化蜀是蜀学发展史上的一件大事,对巴蜀乃至全国吏治、文教等都产生了深远影响.文翁化蜀的结晶集中体现在文翁石室上.经东汉高联修复学堂及兴建周公礼殿、西晋张收增益圣贤图像、后蜀毋昭裔刊刻蜀石经,到两宋时,石室讲学盛况空前.经元代的中衰,明代的战乱,石室终毁于张献忠之乱.经清初的复建,石室延续其教化功能于后世.文翁化蜀的盛举实际上是通过引进中原文化、继承弘扬巴蜀传统文化而实现的.     

电子文献资源利用与中国中东学的建设

本文以上海外国语大学图书馆购置的电子资源为例,重点梳理了与中东研究相关的电子资源的分布状况和广大师生对其利用的现状等问题,探讨了电子资源建设与中国特色中东学构建的关系,并对今后如何改进电子资源的利用提出了一系列建议,以推动中国特色中东学的建设。     

论孙星衍的考据学思想及实践

孙星衍是清朝乾嘉时期的著名考据学者,文章对其学术宗旨和治学实践进行阐述和总结,这对于乾嘉考据学的研究尤其是中后期的学术走向具有一定参考价值。     

“信达雅”标准下《谈读书》两种译本的解读

文章在“信达雅”翻译标准视角下,对培根散文《谈读书》的两种译本进行比较与鉴赏。分析译者如何跨越语言的障碍、文化的差异,做到形式与内容的和谐统一,体现老一辈翻译家精湛的翻译技艺和严谨的翻译态度,从而进一步指导翻译实践活动。     

海合会国家与美国的安全合作

美国插手海湾事务,客观上使海湾各种力量重新趋于平衡。美国主导海湾防务,必然会按照美国意志行事,以使海合会国家的安全利益服从于美国全球战略利益,这与海合会国家寻求美国庇护的初衷产生了矛盾。随着时间的推移,这种矛盾越发凸显,海合会国家的不安全感也越发强烈。虽然这些问题目前不会阻碍双方安全合作的进程,但会影响双方全面合作的深度。     

Redefining Critical Autism Studies: a more inclusive interpretation

This article explores the definition of Critical Autism Studies and its inclusion in autistic scholarship. There has been critique of recent non-autistic literature for lacking autistic authorship, leading to doubts about its epistemological integrity due to misrepresentations of autistic culture and the neurodiversity movement. This article utilises the work of Arnold, Milton and O’Dell et al. to introduce an emancipatory definition to ensure the discipline is autistic led. In the process, we discuss the nature of autism studies and what constitutes critical literature. We propose Waltz’s interpretation of Critical Autism Studies as a working definition.