液态课文——三态英语系统教学理论及其教学法的运用（二）

本文是从三态英语系统教学理论及其教学法的角度来阐述和说明液态课文的综合功能和作用.重点论述液态课文的起草、形成、教学目的、教学功能和课后教学管理.     

室内纺织品与室内环境

室内纺织品的设计应适应环境意识 ,从环境意识观点分析 ,这种多层次、多形态、多学科环境中的室内纺织品 ,必须具备整体性和优化性 ,使环境具有其它意义 ,从而改善生活环境的品质。     

Estimation of a population mean with two-way stratification using a systematic allocation scheme

A technique of systematically allocating a sample to the strata formed by double stratification is presented. The method can proportionally allocate the sample along each variable of stratification. If there are R strata and C strata for the first and second variable of stratification respectively, the technique requires that the total sample size be at least as large as max(R, C). An unbiased estimator of the population mean is given and its variance is obtained. The technique is compared with a random allocation procedure given by Bryant, Hartley, and Jessen (1960). Numerical examples are given suggesting when one technique is superior to the other.     

Challenges in Multidisciplinary Systematic Reviewing: A Study on Social Exclusion and Mental Health Policy

In the clinical sciences, systematic reviews have proved useful in the aggregation of diverse sources of evidence. They identify, characterize and summate evidence, but these methodologies have not always proved suitable for the social sciences. We discuss some of the practical problems faced by researchers undertaking reviews of complex and cross‐disciplinary topics, using the example of mental health and social exclusion. The barriers to carrying out social science and cross‐disciplinary reviews are reported and some proposals for overcoming these barriers are made, not all of them tried and tested, and some of them controversial. Using a mapping approach, a wide‐ranging search of both clinical and social science databases was undertaken and a large volume of references was identified and characterized. Population sampling techniques were used to manage these references. The challenges encountered include: inconsistent definitions of social phenomena, differing use of key concepts across research fields and practical problems relating to database compatibility and computer processing power. The challenges and opportunities for social scientists or multidisciplinary research teams carrying out reviews are discussed. Literature mapping and systematic reviews are useful tools but methods need to be tailored to optimize their usefulness in the social sciences.     

Effectiveness and implementation of evidence-based practices in residential care settings

Purpose

Prompted by calls to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) into residential care settings (RCS), this review addresses three questions: (1) Which EBPs have been tested with children and youth within the context of RCS? (2) What is the evidence for their effectiveness within such settings? (3) What implementation issues arise when transporting EBPs into RCS?

Methods

Evidence-based psychosocial interventions and respective outcome studies, published from 1990 to 2012, were identified through a multi-phase search process, involving the review of four major clearinghouse websites and relevant electronic databases. To be included, effectiveness had to have been previously established through a comparison group design regardless of the setting, and interventions tested subsequently with youth in RCS. All outcome studies were evaluated for quality and bias using a structured appraisal tool.

Results

Ten interventions matching a priori criteria were identified: Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach, Aggression Replacement Training, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Ecologically-Based Family Therapy, Eye Movement and Desensitization Therapy, Functional Family Therapy, Multimodal Substance Abuse Prevention, Residential Student Assistance Program, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, and Trauma Intervention Program for Adjudicated and At-Risk Youth. Interventions were tested in 13 studies, which were conducted in different types of RCS, using a variety of study methods. Outcomes were generally positive, establishing the relative effectiveness of the interventions with youth in RCS across a range of psychosocial outcomes. However, concerns about methodological bias and confounding factors remain. Most studies addressed implementation issues, reporting on treatment adaptations, training and supervision, treatment fidelity and implementation barriers.

Conclusion

The review unearthed a small but important body of knowledge that demonstrates that EBPs can be implemented in RCS with encouraging results.     

Rating Methodological Quality: Toward Improved Assessment and Investigation

Assessing methodological quality is considered essential in deciding what investigations to include in research syntheses and in detecting potential sources of bias in meta-analytic results. Quality assessment is also useful in characterizing the strengths and limitations of the research in an area of study. Although numerous instruments to measure research quality have been developed, they have lacked empirically-supported components. In addition, different summary quality scales have yielded different findings when they were used to weight treatment effect estimates for the same body of research. Suggestions for developing improved quality instruments include: distinguishing distinct domains of quality, such as internal validity, external validity, the completeness of the study report, and adherence to ethical practices; focusing on individual aspects, rather than domains of quality; and focusing on empirically-verified criteria. Other ways to facilitate the constructive use of quality assessment are to improve and standardize the reporting of research investigations, so that the quality of studies can be more equitably and thoroughly compared, and to identify optimal methods for incorporating study quality ratings into meta-analyses.     

The Read Feed: Reviews

ABSTRACT

Heylicken Moreno reviews Linked Data for Libraries, Archives and Museums: How to Clean, Link and Publish Your Metadata; Trina Boykin Nolen reviews Metaliteracy: Reinventing Information Literacy to Empower Learners; Stephanie Rosenblatt reviews Records and Information Management.     

O2O电商平台在线点评有用性影响因素的识别研究——以餐饮行业O2O模式为例

为了识别O2O电商平台在线点评有用性的影响因素,本文构建了基于IAM模型的双路径分析理论模型。以大众点评网上6家餐厅的2372条用户点评数据为样本,通过Tobit回归方法对理论模型进行了实证检验。研究结果显示,核心路径中的信息丰富性、信息可读性及点评负面性等三个变量对在线点评有用性有显著正向影响,其中信息可读性的观测变量点评段落数与在线点评有用性之间呈倒"U"型关系,品牌价值对点评负面性与点评有用性之间的关系具有调节作用,高的品牌价值会降低点评负面性对点评有用性的积极作用。边缘路径中的消费者回应及点评者经验对在线点评有用性具有显著正向影响。旧的评论比新的评论对在线点评有用性的影响更大。     

Evaluation of Measurement Comparisons Using Generalized Least Squares: the Role of Participants’ Estimates of Systematic Error

We consider the evaluation of laboratory practice through the comparison of measurements made by participating metrology laboratories when the measurement procedures are considered to have both fixed effects (the residual error due to unrecognised sources of error) and random effects (drawn from a distribution of known variance after correction for all known systematic errors). We show that, when estimating the participant fixed effects, the random effects described can be ignored. We also derive the adjustment to the variance estimates of the participant fixed effects due to these random effects.     

Granularity Adjustment for Efficient Portfolios

This article considers large portfolios of assets submitted to both systematic and unsystematic (or idiosyncratic) risks. The idiosyncratic risks can be fully diversified if the portfolio size is infinite, but only partly diversified otherwise. The granularity adjustment measures the effect of partly diversifying idiosyncratic risks. We derive the granularity adjustments for a portfolio with naive diversification and for the efficient mean-variance portfolio allocation. We consider in particular the Sharpe performances, with and without short-sale restrictions and we highlight the effect of concentration risk.