泰勒展开图像插值的一个改进算法

待插像素邻域内像素点处泰勒展开式的算术平均会模糊插值图像边缘.文章提出一个改进算法，采用展开式与其灰度值之差绝对值最小的泰勒展开式近似待插像素的灰度值.这种方法充分考虑待插像素与其邻域的图像信息，获得清晰的插值图像边缘.数值实验证明：这种算法简单有效且易于实现.     

Estimation of life expectancy — cohort life table

Life tables are traditionally built with linear assumptions for the survival curve. Here, considering that survivors can remain at the end of the observation period, the author shows that non linear modeling is more appropriate. With data on cervix uteri cancer, e0 ≈ 12.5 years with standard error ≈ 2.8 years with infinite time horizon, but e0 ≈ 6.0 years with standard error ≈ 0.1 year in interval with finite time horizon [0, 12 years]. The average hazard function is introduced to estimate the life expectancy, and the actuarial estimate of the hazard function is showed to under‐estimate the true hazard values under the exponential distribution. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the probabilities of death on the estimation of life expectancy completes the study.     

Truncation bounds for infinite expansions for the stable distributions

A number of authors have presented tabulations for the stable distributions based on infinite expansions for the density functions. In this paper we derive exact bounds for the truncation errors in these expansions and use the results to comment on some of the problems that have arisen in tabulating the stable distribution functions. The derivation of the truncation bounds relies on a little-known result for complex argument Taylor series due to Darboux (1876) which IS of much wider applicability than the present context.     

Calibrated imputation in surveys under a quasi-model-assisted approach

Summary.  We propose to use calibrated imputation to compensate for missing values. This technique consists of finding final imputed values that are as close as possible to preliminary imputed values and are calibrated to satisfy constraints. Preliminary imputed values, potentially justified by an imputation model, are obtained through deterministic single imputation. Using appropriate constraints, the resulting imputed estimator is asymptotically unbiased for estimation of linear population parameters such as domain totals. A quasi-model-assisted approach is considered in the sense that inferences do not depend on the validity of an imputation model and are made with respect to the sampling design and a non-response model. An imputation model may still be used to generate imputed values and thus to improve the efficiency of the imputed estimator. This approach has the characteristic of handling naturally the situation where more than one imputation method is used owing to missing values in the variables that are used to obtain imputed values. We use the Taylor linearization technique to obtain a variance estimator under a general non-response model. For the logistic non-response model, we show that ignoring the effect of estimating the non-response model parameters leads to overestimating the variance of the imputed estimator. In practice, the overestimation is expected to be moderate or even negligible, as shown in a simulation study.     

一个函数不等式的推广和应用

将一个一元函数不等式推广到二维情形，并给出在初等不等式方面的几个应用。     

F. W. Taylor and the legacies of systemization

F. W. Taylor (1856-1915) is a seminal figure in the history of industrial society and a key reference point for the study of technology, work and the organization of production. This paper locates Taylor's work in the broad historical development of formal systems and 'rational' management. The paper notes the historical continuities that link the 'technologies of control' which emerged in US industry during Taylor's lifetime and those which appear in contemporary work organizations. This is counterpoised with recent comment on the information technology and the 'end' of Taylorist work practices.     

Product-limit survival functions with correlated survival times

A simple variance estimator for product-limit survival functions is demonstrated for survival times with nested errors. Such data arise whenever survival times are observed within clusters of related observations. Greenwood's formula, which assumes independent observations, is not appropriate in this situation. A robust variance estimator is developed using Taylor series linearized values and the between-cluster variance estimator commonly used in multi-stage sample surveys. A simulation study shows that the between-cluster variance estimator is approximately unbiased and yields confidence intervals that maintain the nominal level for several patterns of correlated survival times. The simulation study also shows that Greenwood's formula underestimates the variance when the survival times are positively correlated within a cluster and yields confidence intervals that are too narrow. Extension to life table methods is also discussed.     

查尔斯·泰勒现代性理论探析

随着全球化进程的加剧,现代性已经成为不可避免的现实,现代性的文化和社会也发生了重大的转变。加拿大当代著名的哲学家、思想家查尔斯.泰勒从多重现代性的视角对现代性进行了反思,他通过理性、系统地分析现代性的三个隐忧,认为现代性可以自我孕育出批判性力量,并立足于人类社会生活的对话本性,致力于探究一种承认的政治模式,为现代性寻求拯救之路,为自我寻找出境。     

Basic needs macroeconomics: Is it manageable in the case of Egypt

Models are proposed to assess quantitatively the allocation of product to basic needs consumption, surplus consumption, and investment uses along a steady growth pash that guarantees all workers (and their families) their basic needs. Ways to estimate the inflationary consequences of shifting to such a growth path are also proposed. The models are applied with data from Egypt, and suggest that attainment of basic needs for the population of that country will be a difficult task.     

自我认同、承认政治与政治认同——查尔斯·泰勒的政治认同理论新探

如何包容文化差异,寻求共同价值,坚持一致性和多样性统一,是所有多民族国家在推进政治认同时必须面对的问题。查尔斯·泰勒立足于加拿大的政治实践,敏感于认同与承认的关系,剖析了平等承认的政治的两条进路及其政治认同危机,进而在完整刻画自我认同的基础上,回答了"国家是为了什么/为了谁"的问题,确立了他独特的政治认同理论:一方面,国家被视为一种集体能动性,其成员把它认同为自由得以辩护和实现、共同的文化认同及共同善得以表达的地方;另一方面,与之相应,成员既达成自由共识(国家容许"第一层次的多样性"),又以多元的归属方式获得政治身份(国家容许"第二层次或深度的多样性")——或直接作为个人权利的载体或作为民族共同体的成员而成为加拿大人。泰勒的政治认同理论为我国广泛凝聚共识,努力寻求最大公约数,画出最大同心圆,坚持大团结大联合提供了有益借鉴。