选择与限制:生育过程中的终止妊娠措施——基于规范和实践层面的价值权衡

终止妊娠问题在规范层面一是作为对于违反计划生育规定生育子女的行为所采取的纠正措施之一而存在的;二是对基于非医学需要性别鉴定/选择的终止妊娠的禁止,但存在当事人终止妊娠的动机难以确定、控制性别比例的初衷难以实现、对符合生育条件的妇女与不符合生育条件的妇女区别对待、缺乏设定行政许可的上位法依据等问题。在实践层面上,选择性别的终止妊娠未得到真正禁止。规范与实践层面问题背后的出路在于厘清问题所涉及到的权利冲突,并对其进行价值权衡。     

Aesthetics and organizations without walls

This paper is based on ethnographic research into European art photography conducted at the end of the 1980s. Its conceptual framework is the aesthetic approach to organization studies. It shows that art photography is an organization without walls. This is a new concept that may prove very fruitful to the study of organizations. It analyses the kind of organizations that are invisible to the observer, while at the same time it questions the conventional reading of organizational boundaries. The thesis of the paper is that the aesthetic experience is the glue which cements together and delimits art photography as an organization without walls, and that culture and symbolism are crucial elements in organizations without walls. This thesis is illustrated through the evocative construction of organizational knowledge using the aesthetic approach.     

Compounding the trauma: the coercive treatment of voice hearers

For more than a hundred years, voice hearing has been treated as a symptom of serious mental illnesses with biological origins. Pharmaceutical companies have expanded the range of products targeted at treating these illnesses and the diagnosis of schizophrenia now underpins a multi-billion dollar, world-wide business. Throughout the western world, nation states have vested an authority in psychiatry to compulsorily treat people who meet a set of diagnostic criteria that is widely discredited. There is considerable evidence that more effective ways of responding to people experiencing psychosis can be provided without coercion. These approaches differ in essence to traditional Kraepelinian psychiatry in that they acknowledge the role of people's life experiences in creating the problems they face, and the professionals work in partnership with the service users. The approaches recognise that people have histories which often include considerable trauma and social workers are in an ideal position to work with voice hearers to help them understand their experiences and to develop ways of coping. The authority vested in psychiatry is not static and within Europe mental health professionals can contribute to changing what is meant by ‘unsound mind’ and extending the right of liberty to voice hearers. In doing this, social workers can ensure that they do not compound the trauma by devaluing and discrediting people's experience.     

Lessons from American Social Work Education: Caution Ahead

Abstract

Similar trends are occurring in Australian and US social work education, as universities increasingly adopt a rigid market orientation to tertiary education. This marketisation shapes social work education in manifold ways, including the pressure to increase revenues (and effect greater efficiencies) by expanding the size of social work programs. The unregulated growth in social work programs leads to lowered admission standards, as programs are forced to compete for students. An oversupply of social workers will also drive salaries downwards as supply eclipses demand. These issues are examined in the context of a “big” versus a “small” (fewer but more highly trained social workers) model of social work. Emphasis is placed on the lessons that Australian social work educators can learn from the challenges facing US social work education.     

当代家庭代际支持观念与群体差异——兼论反馈模式的文化基础变迁

通过对上海和兰州两地的抽样调查数据的分析发现,善事父母仍受高度重视,为孩子无限操心的认可度没有孝顺父母的认可度高。虽然经济和社会福利进步对传统代际伦理有所冲击,但青年人的代际支持观念总体上呈现"重老轻小",而非大众舆论中的"孝道衰落"态势。对子女的无限责任伦理消解与现实中子女对父母的工具性依赖增大形成张力,冲击了传统反馈模式实现代内均衡的基础。     

大学生领导力发展的影响因素研究

目前,学术界虽然对大学生领导力还没有完全统一的定义,但是在对价值观对大学生领导力作用上的认识上却十分一致。价值观被视为大学生领导力发展的核心。价值观之所以重要至此,是因为领导过程是一个影响别人的过程,领导者比其追随者更有权力,因此要对他们影响追随者的方式承担巨大的道义责任。领导者在建立组织的伦理氛围中扮演了关键角色,这也要求他们能特别敏锐地察觉他们所推崇的价值观和理念。所以价值观是大学生领导力发展关键的部分,在大学生领导力的发展中起到统领作用,有抱负的领导者需要发展伦理思考能力、批判性分析道德的能力、整合不同价值观传统的能力、沟通能力和与下属建立信任的能力。     

开放性：社会主义核心价值观的内在逻辑属性

开放性理论具有理论、实践和立场相统一的特征。社会主义核心价值观作为一种开放性的理论,蕴含四重内在逻辑的分野与整合：社会主义核心价值观以广泛的思想源流为基础;社会主义核心价值观的整体系统和要素系统是一种可扩展的理论体系;社会主义核心价值观能够产生广延性的实践功效;社会主义核心价值观的培育和实践途径呈现多样化格局。     

荒野城市：隐喻体验研究

对于城市的很多隐喻性解释,都可能阐明我们如何描述城市的特征。文章所探索的荒野隐喻是一个黑暗隐喻。同时,在描述城市的特征时,荒野所表示的并非中性的对象,而是文化构建的对象。探讨荒野意味着什么、它如何发挥作用,会告诉我们使用它的文化的一些东西以及对于城市体验的评论。一般来说,在这种语境中探讨荒野,也会告诉我们隐喻的本质和功能。文章从三个方向探索了荒野观。