Demands and Devotion: Cultural Meanings of Work and Overload Among Women Researchers and Professionals in Science and Technology Industries

How do cultural meanings influence how people experience work‐life demands? Much research, especially quantitative research, on the effects of structural work and family conditions does not account for employees’ cultural beliefs about the meaning of work in their lives. This article uses unique survey data to investigate the effects of employee embrace of elements of the “work devotion schema”—a cultural model that valorizes intense career commitment and organizational dedication—on their sense of “overload,” an experience that includes feeling exhausted and overloaded by all one's roles, net of actual hours on the paid job and family responsibilities. We argue that by cognitively, morally, and emotionally framing work as a valued end, the work devotion schema reduces feelings of overload. Using a case of senior women researchers and professional service providers in science and technology industries, we find that those who embrace work devotion feel less overloaded than those who reject it, net of work and family conditions. However, this effect is curtailed for mothers of young and school‐aged children. We end by discussing implications for flexibility stigma and gender inequality.     

Socio-psychological barriers for peace making and ideas to overcome them / Barreras sociopsicológicas para la paz e ideas para superarlas

Intensive and violent intergroup conflicts that rage in different parts of the world are real. These conflicts center over disagreements focusing on contradictory goals and interests in different domains and must be addressed in conflict resolution. It is well known that the disagreements could potentially be resolved if not the powerful socio-psychological barriers which fuel and maintain the conflicts. These barriers inhibit and impede progress towards peaceful settlement of the conflict. They stand as major obstacles to begin the negotiation, to continue the negotiation, to achieve an agreement and later to engage in a process of reconciliation. These barriers are found among both leaders and society members that are involved in vicious, violent and protracted intergroup conflicts. They pertain to the integrated operation of cognitive, emotional and motivational processes, combined with a pre-existing repertoire of rigid supporting beliefs, world views and emotions that result in selective, biased and distorted information processing. This processing obstructs and inhibits the penetration of new information that can potentially contribute to facilitating progress in the peace-making process. The paper elaborates on the nature of the socio-psychological barriers and proposes preliminary ideas of how to overcome them. These ideas focus on the unfreezing process which eventually may lead to cessation of adherence to the repertoire that supports the continuation of the conflict, its evaluation and arousal of the readiness to entertain of alternative beliefs that support peace making.     

Work–Family Conflict: Coping Strategies Adopted by Social Workers

There is a growing literature investigating the association between coping and work stress among social workers. An area that remains under-researched is the association between work–family conflict and coping. The present study explored the coping strategies adopted by social workers in dealing with the competing demands emanating from their work and family domains. In a larger study involving 439 Australian social workers, we analyzed the responses to two open-ended questions that explored the challenges experienced by social workers in meeting their work and family demands, and the coping strategies they adopt to deal with these challenges. The findings confirm that social workers experience work–family conflict and they adopt several coping strategies to deal with it including support from supervisors and colleagues, cognitive reframing, timely communication, setting clear expectations, time management, job flexibility and developing personal hobbies. We discuss the implications of our findings for social work policy and practice.     

物权冲突与物权法原则

本文通过对物权冲突的详尽分析，说明和阐述了物权冲突对经济秩序所产生的不利影响，并力求寻找解决和避免物权冲突的途径，以此确定我国物权法所应选择采取的基本原则，即一物一权主义，物权法定主义和优先权原则     

鲁迅思想内在冲突的生成与转换

为探寻国家和民族的出路,鲁迅强调改造国民性,强调立“人”和珍重当下个体生命的价值;而这强调的结果使得他不得不面临黑暗和虚无的深渊,他的思想不由陷入深深的矛盾和冲突之中。然而有着惊人清醒的鲁迅在“真”的导引下,终于完成了其思想的转换,迈向了更为坚实的抗战和抗争。     

后现代主义视野中的网络文化

20世纪60年代以来,计算机文化、网络文化已经开始与各种有关的后现代理论概念和技术的解释联系在了一起,从而使计算机网络具备了非中心化、个性化、变动性、渗透性等后现代的特征。网络作为一个跨国家、跨文化的信息空间,成为文化交流、对立的阵地,我们必须警惕网络霸权文化的渗透,构建自己的民族网络文化。     

冲突理论视野下的校园血案透视

从社会学冲突理论的角度,分析社会矛盾解决机制的缺位、相对剥夺感的产生以及价值观念的错位是校园血案发生的深层次原因.并认为,只有建立制度化的利益诉求和利益表达、健全和完善社会保障体系、发展和壮大公民社会、建构和谐社会的核心价值观等治本措施,才能避免校园血案或其他血案的发生,构建社会主义和谐社会.     

宗教杀戮与文学拯救——论迈克·朗利诗歌中的民族文化情愫

作为第四任“爱尔兰诗人之椅”的荣誉持有者,诗人迈克·朗利在众多当代爱尔兰诗人中独树一帜。通过糅杂于诗歌中的各种民族文化情愫,朗利用细致深沉的笔触表达了对北爱尔兰宗派冲突的批判以及对和平的殷切向往。他一方面痛心于同胞间的冷漠、隔阂、杀戮,另一方面在自身诗歌写作中积极关注家园和时事,以文学参与当代北爱尔兰的民族文化重建,凸显了高度的文学伦理使命感。     

近年来和谐哲学研究综述

从国内来看,近年来和谐哲学的研究主流是围绕斗争哲学而展开的,此外,还有一部分学者从系统论和理念创新的角度研究和谐哲学,可视为和谐哲学研究的两条支流。当今和谐哲学命题自身面临着生存危机;和谐哲学的儒化思想严重;和谐哲学理论体系亟待建立等诸多问题。未来的和谐哲学研究内容应扩大眼界,汲取百家之长;和谐哲学研究界域应控制在学术领域,避免将学术争辩上升到政治斗争;和谐哲学研究范围不应仅限于国内,还应扩展到国外。     

农民城市化进程中的文化冲突及其解决——图式理论的视角

本文运用文化图式理论来跨学科地对农民城市化进程中所遭遇的文化冲突进行分析。认为农民在城市化进程中所遭遇的文化冲突从根本上来说,是两种异质文化的文化图式冲突所导致的。城市化进程中,农民在城市中会积极通过对异质文化的认知、学习及经验习得过程,逐步接受城市文化的文化图式,通过自身文化图式的重构来克服这种文化冲突,从而真正完成其城市化的进程。