"诗家律令"--"选体"三论

选体含义较复杂 ,首先 ,体裁上 ,选体与乐府、歌行、律绝是并列的概念。由于地位崇高 ,它几乎成了五言古诗的代名词 ,成为诗家创作五古的律令。其次 ,风格上 ,选体有典雅、翰藻、新创三个主要特征。再次 ,选体接续风骚 ,历跨汉魏、晋宋、齐梁。因此 ,后世学选体者主要分为汉魏、元嘉两派。至明代则衍变为汉魏盛唐派 (前后七子派 )与六朝初唐派 (杨慎等 )的斗争。从选体切入 ,或许有助于理解某些文学现象。     

城镇低收入群体状况及原因探析——对南京市低收入群体的调查

通过对南京市6个城区1 793名低收入者的问卷调查及调查数据处理,运用定性分析与定量分析相结合、以定量分析为主的研究方法,分析了这一群体人口构成、收入、消费、就业等方面的状况以及低收入的原因,以期为制定更加切合南京实际的低收入群体增收政策提供依据.     

论"白洋淀诗群"的文化特征

文革时期的"白洋淀诗群"是朦胧诗在酝酿时期的代表性诗歌群落,其本质是一个生长于乡村的城市知青诗人群;带有一种富于探索精神的青年文化形态;不自觉、不约而同地走上了现代主义诗歌的创作路径,并在诗群的文化"互喻"中保持着鲜明的艺术个性.     

Formal Volunteering among Vulnerable Older Adults from an Environmental Perspective: Does Senior Housing Matter?

Based on the premise that environmental support is an important facilitator for engagement in formal volunteering among vulnerable subgroups of older adults, we focus on older low-income individuals who live alone. Drawing on the environmental docility hypothesis, we examine the role living in senior housing has on the likelihood of volunteering. Data came from the 2012 wave of the Health Retirement Study (N = 1415). Kernel weights derived from propensity scores were used to account for observed sociodemographic and health characteristics associated with both senior housing living and the outcome. Logistic regression models showed that living in senior housing positively affected engagement in formal volunteering after adjusting for personal and environmental factors. As a modifiable target of intervention for successful and healthy aging, our findings provide important background knowledge for the development and implementation of housing-specific volunteer programs for vulnerable elders.     

A researcher's journey: Exploring a sensitive topic with vulnerable women

Background

The conduct of research regardless of the subject or methods employed brings responsibilities and challenges. These are greater when dealing with sensitive topics and vulnerable groups and therefore researchers must navigate a range of complex issues and make choices in relation to practical, ethical and philosophical concerns. While literature dealing with research methodologies and research design may assist to some degree, it cannot provide a clear pathway or template as each research project must respond to a unique set of circumstances. We can however, also learn from sharing our stories and critical reflections on our research processes.

Approaching drinking problems in single male clients receiving social assistance

How are drinking problems in single male clients receiving social assistance approached? This subject has been investigated in two studies. In Study I, 103 social workers responded to a questionnaire on how they would act towards a hypothetical client. The results suggest that there is no consensus among social workers as to how to act towards their clients' drinking problems and that personal values more than anything else are what seem to influence the choice of action taken. Study II is based on focus group interviews with social workers. The social workers' approach to the clients' problems is described as a mobile point within a two-dimensional system. One dimension concerns the client's right to equal treatment versus the right to have their application judged individually with special circumstances considered. The other dimension is related to the client's integrity versus the need for support and control. The results are contextualised mainly from three aspects: the demands on ‘knowledge’ in social work, the specific framework of social work, and changes in the public discourse regarding socially acceptable drinking habits.     

高校困难群体心理状况调查

贫困生作为高校中普遍存在的一个群体,已经成为高校工作的一个重要方面。但实践中存在着片面地注重对贫困生的经济帮助,较少关注其真实的心理境况的问题。研究试图从心理学、社会学、教育学等多角度入手,分析研究高校贫困生的心理状况,从深层次上挖掘内因,比如,大学生群体中,男生和女生谁更在意经济状况？谁更敏感？遇到问题时谁更容易选择极端的方案？来自于城市、郊区和乡村这三类不同生源地的大学生存在哪些差异与特性？经济困难学生有哪些健康的特质或潜在的危机？目前的经济状况会不会影响大学生的人生选择？经济困难的学生愿意选择什么样的资助方式？以期通过将高校的帮困助学和人文关怀以及心理干预相结合的方式．有针对性地帮助他们,使贫困群体渡过经济和心理的多重难关,健康成长。     

天津市居民住房保障体系的现状及趋势分析

解决中低收入人群的住房问题不仅是解决房产领域诸多问题的关键,更是稳定社会领域各方利益的要求。住房保障制度的根本出发点也是希望通过解决社会弱势群体基本的住房问题来缓解社会各阶层之间的矛盾。住房保障制度是实现房地产市场持久繁荣的基础。更是维护社会整体稳定的有效方法。天津住房保障工作已初见成效,还有许多需要改进和完善的方面。     

红楼梦与清初民族斗争管见

红楼梦全面反映了清初的民族斗争,即:应仕与反应仕、尊理学与反理学、“末世”与“盛世”、华夷有别与华夷无别的斗争。作品通过塑造鄙视功名的主人公形象,歌颂了不仕清的民族气节;通过反映劳动人民和广大妇女的悲剧,揭露了封建礼教“以理杀人”的本质和清朝的黑暗,批判了封建纲常思想,戳穿了清统治者的“盛世”谎言,打碎了反清的思想枷锁,宣传了“舍得一身剐,敢把皇帝拉下马”的反抗思想。后四十回的民族主义与前八十回是一致的。作品思想是民主主义与民族主义的统一。     

An Australian doula program for socially disadvantaged women: Developing realist evaluation theories

ProblemVolunteer doula support has achieved favourable outcomes for socially disadvantaged women around the world. There is limited explanatory understanding of how, why and when doula support programs improve outcomes.BackgroundA community organisation is providing free doula support for women experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage in Melbourne, Australia. The program aims to complement the mainstream maternity care system, to promote equity in women’s care, and experiences of pregnancy, birth and early parenting. This program is the first of its kind in Australia and has not previously been evaluated.AimTo develop hypothesised program theories for the realist evaluation of an Australian doula program.MethodsAs the first stage of a realist evaluation, three key informant interviews and rapid realist review of literature were conducted in December 2017 - January 2019.FindingsSeven theories were developed in four categories: critical elements of implementation (Attracting and activating the right doulas, and Good matching); outcomes for women (Being by her side, and Facilitating social connection), outcomes in maternity care system (Complementing or enhancing maternity care, and Doula as a witness — demanding accountability in others), and outcomes for doulas (Doulas as beneficiaries). These theories were framed in accordance with a realist understanding of causation, as Context – Mechanism – Outcome (CMO) configurations.Discussion and conclusionThe development of theories from multiple sources of evidence provides a strong theoretical base for program evaluation. The theories hypothesise how, why, for whom and when the doula program works. Subsequent stages of the evaluation will test and refine the theories.