Climate Change Adaptation: Community Action,Disadvantaged Groups and Practice Implications for Social Work

This paper explores community-level action in relation to socially based climate change adaptations for vulnerable citizens—older people in particular. While awareness of risk and adaptation has increased in various institutions across Australia, the translation of awareness into action is limited, particularly in the area of socially based adaptive measures for the most vulnerable. Through content analysis of local government documents in two major Australian cities, this paper assesses the extent of action and identifies trends and strategies in relation to social adaptation. Findings indicate varying levels of action and some examples of “best practice,” but overall, evidence indicates more effort is needed at the community level. The role of the social work profession in challenging and broadening discourse is also explored especially in terms of highlighting the social impacts of climate change in future policy development, community action, and initiatives.     

中国共产党三代领导集体对马列主义社会发展理论的发展

马克思、恩格斯以历史唯物主义理论为基础创立了社会发展一般理论,列宁结合着俄国革命及苏联社会主义建设的实践对马克思、恩格斯的理论加以发展,形成了马列主义的社会发展理论。这一理论后来成为中国共产党探讨什么是社会主义,如何在一个经济文化比较落后的国家建设社会主义的理论指南。通过从社会发展的角度探讨和总结,中国共产党三代领导集体在不同的历史时期和历史条件下,结合着中国的实际国情和社会主义建设的实践,不仅继承了马列主义的社会发展理论,而且在诸多方面都进行了大胆的探索和开拓性的创新。     

受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析—兼论高校社会工作教育者的介入

受艾滋病影响儿童作为特殊弱势群体,其救助具有特殊性和多元性,需要社会各方面力量的参与和整合。作为一项专业的综合性服务活动,社会工作以助人自助为核心价值观,强调个别化、平等、接纳等原则。运用专业的理论、方法和技巧介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体。目的是协助其走出心理等多重困境,同时能够使其社会功能得到恢复和发展。在综观现有研究的解决对策基础上,文章尝试了高校社会工作教育者介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析,分析了其优势和特点。并对其工作载体和工作手法等提出了构想。     

The Severity of Supply Chain Disruptions: Design Characteristics and Mitigation Capabilities

Supply chain disruptions and the associated operational and financial risks represent the most pressing concern facing firms that compete in today's global marketplace. Extant research has not only confirmed the costly nature of supply chain disruptions but has also contributed relevant insights on such related issues as supply chain risks, vulnerability, resilience, and continuity. In this conceptual note, we focus on a relatively unexplored issue, asking and answering the question of how and why one supply chain disruption would be more severe than another. In doing so, we argue, de facto, that supply chain disruptions are unavoidable and, as a consequence, that all supply chains are inherently risky. Employing a multiple‐method, multiple‐source empirical research design, we derive novel insights, presented as six propositions that relate the severity of supply chain disruptions (i) to the three supply chain design characteristics of density, complexity, and node criticality and (ii) to the two supply chain mitigation capabilities of recovery and warning. These findings not only augment existing knowledge related to supply chain risk, vulnerability, resilience, and business continuity planning but also call into question the wisdom of pursuing such practices as supply base reduction, global sourcing, and sourcing from supply clusters.     

The experiential knowledge of migrant women about vulnerability during pregnancy: A woman-centred mixed-methods study

ProblemWithin maternity care policies and practice, pregnant migrant women are regarded as a vulnerable population.BackgroundWomen’s experiential knowledge is a key element of woman-centred care but is insufficiently addressed in midwifery practice and research that involves migrant women.AimTo examine if pregnant migrant women’s experiential knowledge of vulnerability corresponds with sets of criteria of vulnerability, and to explore how migrant women make sense of vulnerability during pregnancy.MethodsA sequential two-phased mixed-methods study, conducted in the Netherlands, integrating survey data of 89 pregnant migrant women and focus group data obtained from 25 migrant mothers - living in deprived areas according to the Dutch socio-economic index.ResultsCriteria associated with vulnerability were reported by 65.2% of the participants and 62.9% of the participants reported adverse childhood experiences. On a Visual Analogue Scale, ranging from 0 (not vulnerable) to 10 (very vulnerable), participants self-reported sense of vulnerability showed a mean score of 4.2 (±2.56). Women’s experiential knowledge of vulnerability significantly correlated with the mean sum score of clinical criteria of vulnerability (r .46, p .002) and with the mean sum score of adverse childhood experiences (r .48, p < .001). Five themes emerged from the focus group discussions: “Look beyond who you think I am and see and treat me for who I really am”, “Ownership of truth and knowledge”, “Don’t punish me for being honest”, “Projection of fear” and “Coping with labelling”.ConclusionPregnant migrant women’s experiential knowledge of vulnerability is congruent with the criteria. Calling upon experiential knowledge is an attribute of the humane woman-midwife relationship.     

成就、问题与思路：北方人口较少民族全面建设小康社会实证分析——对保安族、裕固族、鄂伦春族、鄂温克族和赫哲族的调查研究

文章以我国保安族、裕固族、鄂伦春族、鄂温克族和赫哲族等北方人口较少民族的社会经济发展为例,对北方人口较少民族全面建设小康社会发展成就进行了实证分析与回顾,而且重点对其现阶段存在的经济发展水平较低和农民增收缓慢、基础设施建设相对薄弱、各项社会事业发展仍较为缓慢、民族传统文化面临消退、农牧民思想守旧及综合素质偏低等进行了深入分析,提出依托优势资源发展特色产业,拓宽农牧民增收渠道;以政策为导向,集中搞好基础设施建设;尽快解决教育发展中的迫切问题等发展思路与对策,以期进一步推动“十二五”期间我国人口较少民族全面建设小康社会的发展进程。     

Social Exclusion and Civil Law: Experience of Civil Justice Problems among Vulnerable Groups

Combating social exclusion has become a priority target for many governments and was a key factor in the establishment of the Legal Services Commission (LSC) and the Community Legal Service (CLS) in England and Wales in April 2000. This study aims to assess whether socially excluded groups within the general population are more likely to suffer justiciable problems (problems for which there is a potential legal remedy) and whether such groups differ in their problem resolution strategies and advice‐seeking behaviour. We draw upon a large‐scale survey of 5,611 people representative of the population of England and Wales, and a further survey of 197 people in temporary accommodation. Five vulnerable groups are extracted: survey respondents with a long‐term illness or disability, young and elderly respondents, low‐income respondents and those living in temporary accommodation. We identify how some of these vulnerable groups have a high likelihood of experiencing justiciable problems. We also examine advice‐seeking strategies among our vulnerable groups and, where contact was made, which advisers were typically contacted. The findings demonstrate the potentially crucial role of access to justice and advice and legal services in tackling social exclusion.     

春秋“流亡婚姻”考述

据统计,春秋"流亡婚姻"共10起,涉及11国28人次,其成因分为流亡者流亡和与流亡者通婚两个方面。前者是君权和公子及卿大夫集团的矛盾,后者是要利用流亡者为本国利益服务,其结局分为"返国为君"、"定居为仕"、"赋闲定居"和"最终被杀"四个类型。通婚对流亡者的政治前途有重要影响是其显著特征,"流亡婚姻"从一个侧面反映了春秋时期民族融合、婚制以及妇女地位等状况。     

关注计划生育相关弱势群体——扬州市邗江区农村调查报告

计划生育相关弱势群体包括独生子女意外伤亡家庭、因病致贫独生子女户、计划生育手术并发症对象.通过对1979年以来496户弱势群体的现状调查,指出农民的自我保障意识不强、计划生育奖励政策落实不到位、社会救助机制未建立完善是导致该群体处于弱势的主要原因.针对这一现状提出两大方面建议.     

A Shelter-Based Stress-Reduction Group Intervention Targeting Self-Esteem,Social Competence,and Behavior Problems Among Homeless Children1

It has been estimated that families with children now account for 40% of the population who become homeless. Given the consistency of research showing the potentially damaging effects of homelessness as a stressor upon the social and emotional development of children, the question of importance is how to best intervene to reduce the likelihood or severity of such possible negative consequences. The approach taken here involved the development of a Shelter-Based Stress-Reduction Group Intervention Targeting Self-Esteem and Behavior Problems Among Homeless Children. Data were collected on 52 elementary-schoolage children from family-shelter facilities in Central Florida. The child’s level of psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Although the repeated measures ANOVA techniques applied to those subjects were nonsignificant, the relatively small sample size in study conditions led to consideration of the magnitude of effect sizes obtained in treatment and comparison groups. The changes in the intervention group’s mean scores on key psychosocial outcome variables of interest were consistent with hypotheses, providing suggestive evidence of the potential utility of stress management training.