互动与发展——对藏区社会工作个案的几点反思

西部藏区是一个经济欠发达和资源富饶的多元文化的地区。在西部藏区开展社会(区)工作,应充分考虑到藏区小型社区的具体场景、多元文化和组织环境的特点,在良性互动和充分尊重本土文化的基础上服务社区,增进社区的自我发展。     

论基层社区主要组织的功能定位

社区建设要求多主体或者说多个组织来共同完成。目前,社区建设的主体主要包括政府部门、社区居委会、社区中介组织、社区居民等。找准各主要组织的功能定位,对于和谐社区构建至关重要。     

国际金融危机的政治效应及中国的战略选择

2008年的国际金融危机给全世界造成了巨大的经济困境,经济困境的发生又引发了政治效应,引起了全球的政治洗牌。在这场政治洗牌中,中国应当稳住阵脚,展示有中国特色社会主义制度的政治魅力,树立负责任大国的形象,为全球和平与发展做出贡献。     

社区地理学研究发凡

本文首次提出了社区地理学,系统地介绍了社区地理学的几个基本概念、研究对象及课题、研究的理论、研究的方法和社区地理学在人文地理学中的地位及社区地理学的研究简况,并根据中国人文地理学的现状,提出了开展社区地理学研究的具体建议。     

Ecological Community Structure Analyses in the Formulation,Implementation, and Enforcement of Law and Policy

Most of what is currently known about ecosystems derives from two sources: comprehensive studies by classical ecologists and economically motivated studies by resource specialists. The former have traditionally concentrated on natural or long-undisturbed ecosystems, the latter on those few species in managed or polluted ecosystems that are harvested, hunted, or fished. A recent genre of legislation, drafted with insight provided by the scientific community, recognizes the dearth of ecological information on managed or polluted communities (which are becoming far more ubiquitous and important) and dramatically raises the requirements for comprehensive data and data analyses to guide managerial and pollution abatement policies. This paper describes several important current efforts to use ecological community structure analyses to implement and enforce such legislation and some effects of such analyses on environmental policy.     

米诺王权与太阳女神:一种近东文化的共同体

从宗教和文化背景看,克里特与地中海沿岸地区,如美索不达米亚、安纳托利亚、叙利亚,黎凡特地区与埃及,均为地中海文化共同体组成部分。在公元前1650～1380年,克里特与地中海沿岸地区保持着密切的联系,并拥有一些相同的文化与宗教因素。因此,考察克里特岛的米诺王权与神话,宜采用跨文化的比较视角,将其纳入地中海文化共同体中加以阐释。现存的书写资料极为有限,但可以利用克里特黄金戒指上的图像,应用神话图像学理论与方法,解读出具体的文化内涵。     

What is youth participation?

Youth participation strengthens personal and social development, provides expertise for children and youth programs and services, and promotes a more democratic society, but questions arise about its most fundamental phenomena. Lacking agreement on its basic content, however, youth participation as a field of practice and subject of study will be limited. This paper examines what we know about youth participation, general propositions which are substantiated by research or practice, and unanswered questions or unresolved issues which remain for future work. It draws upon various academic disciplines and professional fields, in order to contribute to knowledge development and advance the field.     

The Value of Free Water: Analyzing South Africa's Free Basic Water Policy

This paper analyzes South Africa's Free Basic Water Policy, under which households receive a free water allowance equal to the World Health Organization's recommended minimum. I estimate residential water demand, evaluate the welfare effects of free water, and provide optimal price schedules derived from a social planner's problem. I use a data set of monthly metered billing data for 60,000 households for 2002–2009 from a particularly disadvantaged suburb of Pretoria, with rich price variation across 20 different nonlinear tariff schedules. I find that the free allowance acts as a lump‐sum subsidy, without large effects on water consumption. However, it is possible to reallocate the current subsidy to form an optimal tariff without a free allowance, which would increase welfare while leaving the water provider's profit unchanged. This optimal tariff would also reduce the number of households consuming low quantities of water, a desirable policy goal according to the WHO.     

Flood Risk Management: Exploring the Impacts of the Community Rating System Program on Poverty and Income Inequality

Flooding remains a major problem for the United States, causing numerous deaths and damaging countless properties. To reduce the impact of flooding on communities, the U.S. government established the Community Rating System (CRS) in 1990 to reduce flood damages by incentivizing communities to engage in flood risk management initiatives that surpass those required by the National Flood Insurance Program. In return, communities enjoy discounted flood insurance premiums. Despite the fact that the CRS raises concerns about the potential for unevenly distributed impacts across different income groups, no study has examined the equity implications of the CRS. This study thus investigates the possibility of unintended consequences of the CRS by answering the question: What is the effect of the CRS on poverty and income inequality? Understanding the impacts of the CRS on poverty and income inequality is useful in fully assessing the unintended consequences of the CRS. The study estimates four fixed‐effects regression models using a panel data set of neighborhood‐level observations from 1970 to 2010. The results indicate that median incomes are lower in CRS communities, but rise in floodplains. Also, the CRS attracts poor residents, but relocates them away from floodplains. Additionally, the CRS attracts top earners, including in floodplains. Finally, the CRS encourages income inequality, but discourages income inequality in floodplains. A better understanding of these unintended consequences of the CRS on poverty and income inequality can help to improve the design and performance of the CRS and, ultimately, increase community resilience to flood disasters.