心理重压与平常心理

在学校教育中,应鼓励学生向卓越发展,具有竞争意识,同时亦应通过教育促使学生的平常心理的养成。秉持平常心理,才能更好地实现人生理想的目标,才能理性地调适心理难堪,才能更大限度地实现人际和谐,并真正体味人生的意义;非平常心理的形成原因,主要是人格缺陷,也由于过早被意识到与被夸张的生存压力、不良文化因素的刺激,以及学校教育在精神引导方面的偏颇所致;要重视平常心理的教育,必须强化整体教育中的智慧教育,提高学生的文化鉴别力,引导青年学生的文化心理走向,并尽量调整现行教育管理中容易形成负面影响的环节。     

Coping strategies used by staff following assault by a patient: An exploratory study

This study investigates how people deal with the stress of being the victim of a violent assault at work. A consecutive sample of 24 employees of a psychiatric hospital were questioned over a three-week period following an assault by a patient. The ways in which these staff spontaneously attempted to cope with these assaults was used as a basis for a classification scheme. In addition their psychological difficulties were measured. Despite the restricted sample some interesting associations were found. Ignoring the incident by avoiding thinking about it and taking time away from work or work colleagues was associated with decreases in psychological difficulties over time. Although the causal link is still unclear, further studies using similar analyses may be able to tease this out.     

The measurement of emotional reactions to work: Conceptual, methodological and research issues

This paper offers an overview of the literature on the measurement of emotional reactions to work. The paper opens with discussion of the meaning, definition and assessment of the terms 'work', 'emotion', and 'health/well-being' and then proposes that an understanding of the complex relationships among these variables should proceed through the use of ecological and interactional models. It is noted that, although there is still some controversy regarding the relationships between emotions, health and well-being, there is a growing recognition of the fact that emotions are closely related to the origins and exacerbation of disease and the promotion of health and well-being. Also, as an important context for human activity and development, the workplace can be both a direct and indirect source of negative emotions that are associated with severe stress, especially if certain workplace characteristics (e.g. quantitative and qualitative overload, poor control, low wages and poor social supports) are present. The paper summarizes some of the critical issues in the measurement of emotional reactions to work, including gender, age and culture, and lists some of the many instruments for this measurement. Lastly, the paper argues that the measurement of emotional reactions to work should proceed from a multimethod-multisource-multiemotion research strategy that samples different methods (questionnaires, behavioural observation, biological measures, etc.), emotions (anger, anxiety, happiness, etc), and sources (e.g. subject, professional, family).     

裂纹尖端区塑性功密度场与塑性约束

本文基于［１］的工作，对ｎ＝１０的材料进一步分析了裂纹尖端区塑性应变能密度的两，项场。并研究了两结构和地位随试件几何、屈服程度的变化情况，以及裂尖区的约束和断裂行为。     

A community study of dual-role stress and coping in working mothers

This paper describes a pilot study in a community in North London of dual-role stress and coping in three groups of working mothers with dependent children at home. One group was married and enjoying comparatively high income; another was 'single' and also with comparatively high income; the third group was 'single' with comparatively low income. There were 15 women in each group. The study was by interview and questionnaire. Evidence of dual-role stress was found in the study, and the results are consistent with conclusions drawn from the literature. However, many women appeared to obtain important benefits from going to work, and there was considerable evidence of good coping, especially in terms of drawing on the informal support of other women. Both the quality of the job and quality of domestic support were important for the working mother's stress management. The relative poverty of organized child-care in Britain was reflected in the child-care problem reported by most of these women and the 'single' women in particular. Low income 'single' women reported greatest levels of stress and strain, financial and child-care stress, and work stress.     

Positivism and interpretation in sociology: Lessons for sociologists from the history of stress research

This paper examines the relation between positivistic and interpretive sociology, using the stress research literature as a case study. Analyzing the cultural history of the stress concept, it uncovers four central themes: anxiety, performance, adjustment, and mentalism. Examining the self-criticisms made by scientific students of stress, it focuses on the problems of temporal order, confounding, and interaction. Comparison of the cultural and scientific literatures shows that while some of the positivists' complaints derive from general methodological choices, others come from inescapable aspects of the culture's general idea of stress. Considering the past development of stress research, the paper argues that positivism and interpretation have not been Cartesian opposites but interpenetrating fractals. It then speculates about what this relation implies for future positivistic studies, both in the stress literature and more generally.This paper was first presented at the joint invitation of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology and the Hispanic Research Center at Fordham University, May 15, 1987.     

拉应力薄料冲裁工艺研究

本文对拉应力薄料冲裁原理进行了探讨,并通过试验给出了该工艺方法的合理拉应力值及合理间隙值。     

Stress reactions after bank robberies: Psychological and psychosomatic reaction patterns

Within a broad investigation of 221 employees reporting psychological problems after experiencing robberies in banks, data were collected on the nature and distribution of different stress symptoms. This paper deals with a factor analysis of this material as well as with a study of possible differences concerning the ability of the employees to remember these symptoms. No such differences in memory could be found in terms of time elapsed since the robbery. However, women did report more symptoms than men. The factor analysis showed that the symptoms could be described by defined groups in such a way as to present the possibility of meaningful theoretical interpretations of those groupings.     

A Brief Treatment with a Posttraumatic Stress Disordered Patient—A Self Psychological Perspective

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered patients has focused predominantly on symptom removal. The assumption is that once the symptoms of stress are alleviated, the individual can return to a previous level of functioning. This focus overlooks the psychological importance of the unique and permanent effects that traumatic stress can have on the way individuals experience themselves and the world. This brief paper contributes to an understanding of the importance of psychoanalytic treatment in helping a patient understand her longstanding need for preoccupation with thoughts of destruction and how this need prolonged her thinking about the 9/11 tragedy. As her understanding proceeded, the patient’s preoccupation with the suicide attacks diminished as did her negative preoccupations in general.     

荀子人性论及其政治观述评

荀子是我国古代杰出的思想家,先秦思想的集大成者。他独出特行的“性恶论”认为,人性好利恶害,人们并因此引发争夺、导致战乱。然而,人的先天恶性可以通过“化性起伪”即后天的礼义教化、法规约束使之弃恶从善。荀子在“性恶论”基础上建构了以“隆礼”“重法”为核心的政治学说,富有创见地提出了“王霸兼用”、“礼法并施”的治国理念。荀子鉴古察今的政治智慧至今仍能给予世人启迪与裨益。