青少年网瘾家庭成因分析及干预研究

青少年网瘾已经成为当前一个严重的社会问题,其发生与家庭有一定的关系。其表现为一是父母缺乏对青少年期孩子心理特点的了解,关心不够;二是父母的引导教育不相一致,形不成合力。要实施青少年网瘾的家庭干预,首先要实现亲子之间的良好沟通,并注意给予孩子足够的关爱和支持,在积极肯定孩子在家庭生活中权利和责任的同时,努力培养孩子的＂网商＂。     

Impact of Mid-Life Symptoms of Alcoholism on the Health and Wellbeing of Aging Parents of Adults with Disabilities

The study examined the effect of adult children’s disability on parents’ physical health in later life and the extent to which parents’ symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life moderates the link between children’s disability and later life parental health. Analyses are based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The analytic sample included parents of children with developmental disabilities (n = 145) or mental health problems (n = 200) and 2,432 parents of unaffected children. The results showed that the negative health consequences in later life of having a child with a developmental disability were greater for those who showed more symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life. However, symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life did not significantly moderate the impact of an adult child’s mental health problems on parents’ later life physical health. The findings suggest a potential area where gerontological social workers could intervene, given the negative impact of symptoms of alcoholism on the health of aging parents of children with a disability who may be significantly more susceptible to the negative health impacts of alcohol compared to their younger counterparts.     

Dual effects of ‘losses disguised as wins’ and near-misses in a slot machine game

Individually, both near-misses and losses disguised as wins (LDWs) have been seen to exert pro-motivational effects on gambling. However, it is not clear whether both structural characteristics are effective within the same game. Participants (n = 40) played a slot machine simulation. The simulation delivered near-misses, wins and ‘full-misses’. Half the participants also received LDWs that occurred independently of the outcomes on the payline. Valence and motivation ratings were collected after each round. Results showed that the LDW group reported increased valence ratings compared to the no-LDW group. Within the LDW group, trials with LDWs also resulted in increased enjoyment compared to trials without LDWs. We distinguished near-misses falling either side of the payline. Near-misses before the payline (NMB) were rated as more motivational than near-misses after the payline (NMA), whereas NMAs were rated as more aversive than NMBs. These differences between the two near-miss types were exacerbated by LDWs. Results demonstrate LDWs increase the trial-by-trial enjoyment of non-win outcomes. The motivational and hedonic effects of near-misses differed for events either side of the payline, and these differences were exaggerated by the presence of LDWs. Thus, near-misses can retain their effectiveness in complex forms of gambling that also deliver LDWs.     

Determining socio-demographic predictors of treatment dropout: results in a therapeutic community

This article presents a study of a number of socio-demographic factors that predict treatment dropout from a residential substance use disorder programme in Spain ( Proyecto Hombre Therapeutic Community). A sample of 430 patients (173 who completed treatment and 257 who dropped out of treatment) was assessed at entry to the therapeutic community programme in order to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. According to the results obtained, factors that predicted treatment dropout included younger age, male gender and previous treatment history in the Proyecto Hombre therapeutic community. Patients with these characteristics were at significantly greater risk of dropping out of treatment. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are commented upon.     

Addiction severity predictions using client network properties

By statistical analysis of client data it is shown how past or current network information together with other knowledge assesses treatment needs. The main findings are as follows. The client's previous exposure to addicts in the family has almost no influence on his or her present contacts with addicts in daily life. About 30% of the clients have experienced addicts both in family and among friends, about 30% have only family exposure, about 20% have neither kind of exposure, and about 20% have no family exposure but have current exposure to addicts. Exposure to addicts in family implies a higher risk of severe need for professional intervention than no such exposure. For the clients with no family exposure but with current exposure to addicts there is, somewhat surprisingly, a lower risk than for the other three categories of clients. This effect seems to be mainly because the psychiatric status of these clients is somewhat better than for those in the other three categories. The effect disappears if we look solely for drug addiction intervention needs; then there is a clear increase in relative treatment needs for the categories with previous or present addiction exposure compared to those without.     

网络游戏成瘾量表研究——事件相关脑电位辅助分析

在我国网络游戏产业发展迅猛,网民数量持续高速增长,但同时也出现了网游玩家沉迷于网络游戏中而产生心理依赖的成瘾症状.目前对网络成瘾的概念、界定指标和测量工具都存在较大争议,缺乏网络成瘾界定的系统研究.本研究在以往多种量表的基础上,采用事件相关脑电位方法,采用成瘾Stroop实验范式,找到了可以区分网络游戏成瘾者和正常网络使用者的客观电生理指标,验证了这个分类.通过对这群已经被验证了的两组被试的问卷测量,形成了"网络游戏成瘾量表",并依据测量结果,给出了推断被试是否成瘾的总分分界值.然后,采用重测信度方法,验证了量表的稳定性和可靠性.最后,用测量预留的成瘾被试,验证了"网络游戏成瘾量表"的有效性.     

海南省大学生网络成瘾和心理健康水平研究

以海南省3所高校的421名在校非体育专业本科生为研究对象,并与体育专业本科生的网络成瘾情况进行对比研究,所有数据均采用SPSS11软件进行统计分析。结果表明：体育生的网络成瘾现象均高于文科生和理科生,而文科生又高于理科生;理科生网络成瘾者的心理健康水平均高于体育生和文科生,体育生则高于文科生。     

大学生网络成瘾行为调查及干预研究

网络成瘾这一现象越来越受到心理学界的关注.通过充分调查大学生网络成瘾行为现状后发现:上网时间、网络的可获得性、网络的使用功能等与网络成瘾有密切的关系,人格特质、社交需要、从众心理等方面是网络成瘾的重要影响因素,对大学生网络成瘾的不同程度应该实施不同的干预措施.     

大学生网络成瘾问题研究

高校大学生网络游戏成瘾,聊天成瘾,色情成瘾,制作成瘾,导致了正常生理机能下降,免疫能力降低,人际关系能力缺陷,产生双重人格。网络成瘾削弱学习动机,耗费学习时间,浪费金钱财物,危害家庭社会。网络成瘾的缘由复杂,进而创新性地提出了"绿化"源头、净化途经、深化教育、优化方法的防治对策。     

参与体育运动是干预大学生网络成瘾的重要手段

"网络成瘾"严重危害着青少年的身心健康,日益受到社会各界的高度关注。通过调查大学生网络成瘾现状,分析网络成瘾症形成的内外原因;实施对部分研究对象进行体育教学内容手段、课余体育活动以及教师行为三个方面的干预,并对干预前后的四个指标进行对比分析,证明短期干预效果显著,建议进行长期干预以期取得更好效果。